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Fig. 2 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 2

From: The SGLT-2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves myocardial strain, reduces cardiac fibrosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic mice treated with doxorubicin

Fig. 2

EMPA has anti-oxidant effects on cardiomyocytes under pro-inflammatory conditions (LPS) and under exposure to doxorubicin (DOXO). A Intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) quantification (expressed as cell fluorescence); (n = 3) B Quantification of lipid peroxidation products (4-HNA and MDA) (expressed in nmol/mL) (n = 3); C Production of nitric oxide (µM) (n = 3). Experiments were performed in cardiomyocytes (5 × 103 cells/well seeded in a 24-well plate) untreated (control) or treated with gallic acid (as positive antioxidant control), EMPA (10, 50, 500 nM), LPS (40 ng/ml) or DOXO (100 nM) alone or co-incubated with EMPA at 10, 50 and 500 nM. One-way ANOVA. Values are expressed ± SD. *** P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; * P < 0.05; ns: not significant

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