Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 395)
Parameter | SoC (n = 188) | Intervention (n = 207) | p | SDiff (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male Sex, No. (%) | 83(44.1) | 103 (49.8) | 0.382 | 11.3 |
Age, mean (SD), y | 68.2 (8.8) | 66.1 (9) | 0.046 | 24.1 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 29.4 (4.9) | 28.5 (4.7) | 0.288 | 19.1 |
Blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | ||||
Systolic | 134.7 (12.6) | 133.8 (14.3) | 0.791 | 6.1 |
Diastolic | 78.3 (7.7) | 80.8 (7.4) | 0.002 | − 32.8 |
Systolic BP target, No. (%) | 95 (50.5) | 112 (54.1) | 0.142 | − 17.0 |
Diastolic BP target, No. (%) | 150 (79.8) | 136 (65.7) | 0.274 | 19.2 |
Blood Pressure Target, No. (%) | 90 (47.9) | 105 (55.3) | 0.193 | − 14.8 |
Creatinine (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 1.16 (0.5) | 1.17 (0.5) | 0.564 | − 1.4 |
eGFR EPI-CKD (mL/min/m2), mean (SD) | 62.7 (21.2) | 65.4 (23) | 0.350 | − 12.1 |
eGFR EPI-CKD stage, No. (%) | ||||
1 | 20 (10.6) | 45 (21.7) | 0.600 | − 31.1 |
2 | 80 (42.6) | 77 (37.2) | ||
3 | 76 (40.4) | 71 (34.3) | ||
4 | 10 (5.3) | 11 (5.3) | ||
5 | 2 (1.1) | 3 (1.5) | ||
Albuminuria (mg/day), median [IQR] | 57.3 [35—158.1] | 120.5 [75.8 – 223.8] | 0.115 | − 25.2 |
Haemoglobin (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 13.4 (1.3) | 12.9 (1.5) | 0.377 | 36.8 |
Glycemia (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 152.7 (49) | 155.9 (43.1) | 0.924 | − 6.9 |
HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 7.3 (1.1) | 7.5 (1.1) | 0.345 | − 18.2 |
HbA1c Target, No. (%) | 100(53.2) | 66 (31.9) | 0.001 | 43.1 |
Diabetes duration, median [IQR], y | 9 (6–15) | 9 (7–16) | 0.801 | − 11.4 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SD) | ||||
Total | 185.8 (34.1) | 187.6 (33.2) | 0.688 | − 5.5 |
LDL | 111.5 (30.8) | 107.5 (27) | 0.703 | 13.7 |
Total Cholesterol Target, No. (%) | 67 (35.6) | 64 (30.9) | 0.475 | 5.6 |
HDL Cholesterol Target, No. (%) | 99 (52.7) | 75 (36.2) | 0.237 | 14.5 |
LDL Cholesterol Target, No. (%) | 73 (38.8) | 69 (33.3) | 0.911 | 6.2 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 111 (88 – 153) | 148 (115 – 190) | 0.063 | − 42.7 |
Therapy | ||||
Anti-hypertensive Therapy, No. (%) | 0.791 | − 24.8 | ||
1 | 105 (55.9) | 94 (45.4) | ||
2 | 20 (10.6) | 31 (15) | ||
3 | 32 (17) | 44 (21.3) | ||
4 | 18 (9.6) | 27 (13) | ||
5 | 13 (6.9) | 11 (5.3) | ||
ACEi/ARBs, No. (%) | ||||
ACEi | 119 (63.2) | 125 (60.2) | 0.748 | − 25.6 |
ARBs | 66 (35.4) | 77 (37.4) | ||
ACE + ARBs | 3 (1.4) | 5 (2.4) | ||
Diuretics, No. (%) | 83 (44.1) | 113 (54.6) | 0.840 | − 21.0 |
Calcium Channel Blockers, No. (%) | 63 (33.5) | 82 (39.6) | 0.792 | − 12.7 |
Beta-blockers, No. (%) | 31 (16.5) | 38 (18.4) | 0.655 | − 4.9 |
Alpha-blockers, No. (%) | 13 (6.9) | 11 (5.3) | 0.395 | 6.7 |
Diabetes Therapy, No. (%) | 0.361 | − 27.7 | ||
Diet | 16 (8.5) | 5 (2.4) | ||
Insulin | 50 (26.6) | 60 (29) | ||
Oral anti-hyperglycemics* | 97 (51.6) | 108 (52.2) | ||
Combined Therapy | 25 (13.3) | 33 (15.9) | ||
Missing | 0 (–) | 1 (0.5) | ||
Statins, No. (%) | 0.569 | − 10.8 | ||
Yes | 72 (38.3) | 89 (43) | ||
Missing | 0 (–) | 3 (1.4) | ||
Antiplatelets, No. (%) | 0.057 | − 58.8 | ||
Yes | 71 (37.8) | 126 (60.9) | ||
Missing | 0 (–) | 16 (7.7) |