Table 2 Adjusted hazard ratios for AF, TIA/ischemic stroke, cardiac mortality and total mortality across quartiles of glycemic variability

AF

FGCV_Q1

6726

514 (7.64)

ref

ref

ref

ref

FGCV_Q2

7099

616 (8.68)

1.09 (0.97–1.23)

0.137

1.08 (0.96–1.22)

0.199

1.11 (0.97–1.28)

0.138

1.09 (0.94- 1.25)

0.259

FGCV_Q3

6641

643 (9.68)

1.24 (1.10–1.39)

< 0.001

1.18 (1.04–1.33)

0.008

1.12 (0.97–1.28)

0.128

0.99 (0.85- 1.14)

0.850

FGCV_Q4

6780

989 (14.59)

2.00 (1.80–2.22)

< 0.001

1.74 (1.55–1.96)

< 0.001

1.45 (1.26–1.66)

< 0.001

1.12 (0.96- 1.29)

0.148

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.2839

TIA / stroke

FGCV_Q1

6726

376 (5.59)

ref

ref

ref

ref

FGCV_Q2

7099

407 (5.73)

1.00 (0.87–1.15)

0.971

0.98 (0.85–1.14)

0.823

1.10 (0.88–1.36)

0.413

0.98 (0.78- 1.23)

0.860

FGCV_Q3

6641

453 (6.82)

1.21 (1.05–1.38)

0.007

1.06 (0.92–1.23)

0.402

1.13 (0.91–1.40)

0.270

0.92 (0.73–1.16)

0.497

FGCV_Q4

6780

567 (8.36)

1.53 (1.34–1.74)

< 0.001

1.34 (1.16–1.55)

< 0.001

1.34 (1.08–1.66)

0.007

1.04 (0.83–1.31)

0.736

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.006

0.785

Total mortality

FGCV_Q1

6726

522 (7.76)

ref

ref

ref

ref

FGCV_Q2

7099

615 (8.66)

1.03 (0.92–1.16)

0.592

1.03 (0.91–1.16)

0.649

1.05 (0.88–1.27)

0.565

0.96 (0.79–1.15)

0.639

FGCV_Q3

6641

816 (12.29)

1.50 (1.34–1.67)

< 0.001

1.43 (1.27–1.61)

< 0.001

1.31 (1.10–1.56)

0.003

1.00 (0.84–1.20)

0.967

FGCV_Q4

6780

1589 (23.44)

3.15 (2.85–3.48)

< 0.001

2.70 (2.42–3.02)

< 0.001

2.38 (2.02–2.80)

< 0.001

1.33 (1.12–1.58)

0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Cardiac mortality

FGCV_Q1

6726

92 (1.37)

ref

ref

ref

ref

FGCV_Q2

7099

111 (1.56)

1.05 (0.80–1.39)

0.714

1.02 (0.76–1.37)

0.901

1.00 (0.68–1.46)

0.992

0.97 (0.66–1.42)

0.869

FGCV_Q3

6641

142 (2.14)

1.47 (1.13–1.91)

0.003

1.18 (0.89–1.58)

0.256

1.07 (0.74–1.55)

0.723

0.90 (0.61–1.33)

0.609

FGCV_Q4

6780

270 (3.98)

3.04 (2.40–3.85)

< 0.001

1.91 (1.45–2.51)

< 0.001

1.53 (1.08–2.17)

0.017

1.05 (0.72–1.52)

0.810

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.5772

Non-cardiac mortality

FGCV_Q1

6726

430 (6.39)

ref

ref

ref

ref

FGCV_Q2

7099

504 (7.10)

1.03 (0.90–1.17)

0.675

1.03 (0.90–1.18)

0.678

1.07 (0.87–1.32)

0.532

0.95 (0.77–1.18)

0.647

FGCV_Q3

6641

674 (10.15)

1.50 (1.33–1.69)

< 0.001

1.48 (1.30–1.68)

< 0.001

1.38 (1.13–1.68)

0.002

1.03 (0.84–1.27)

0.770

FGCV_Q4

6780

1319 (19.45)

3.17 (2.84–3.54)

< 0.001

2.86 (2.53–3.23)

< 0.001

2.67 (2.22–3.21)

< 0.001

1.41 (1.15–1.71)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

AF

HVS_Q1

6778

518 (7.64)

ref

ref

ref

ref

HVS_Q2

7855

733 (9.33)

1.30 (1.16–1.45)

< 0.001

1.29 (1.15–1.45)

< 0.001

1.22 (1.07–1.40)

0.003

1.11 (0.97–1.27)

0.138

HVS_Q3

6396

732 (11.44)

1.64 (1.47–1.84)

< 0.001

1.60 (1.42–1.80)

< 0.001

1.37 (1.20–1.57)

< 0.001

1.17 (1.02–1.34)

0.024

HVS_Q4

6217

779 (12.53)

1.97 (1.76–2.20)

< 0.001

1.99 (1.77–2.25)

< 0.001

1.57 (1.37–1.81)

< 0.001

1.29 (1.12–1.50)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

TIA / stroke

HVS_Q1

6778

363 (5.36)

ref

ref

ref

ref

HVS_Q2

7855

507 (6.45)

1.25 (1.09–1.43)

0.001

1.22 (1.06–1.40)

0.006

1.22 (0.99–1.50)

0.059

1.07 (0.87–1.32)

0.515

HVS_Q3

6396

504 (7.88)

1.55 (1.35–1.77)

< 0.001

1.42 (1.23–1.63)

< 0.001

1.41 (1.15–1.73)

0.001

1.19 (0.96–1.48)

0.107

HVS_Q4

6217

429 (6.90)

1.42 (1.23–1.63)

< 0.001

1.34 (1.15–1.56)

< 0.001

1.20 (0.96–1.50)

0.110

0.98 (0.78–1.23)

0.846

P for trend

< 0.001

0.001

0.042

0.829

Total mortality

HVS_Q1

6778

396 (5.84)

ref

ref

ref

ref

HVS_Q2

7855

821 (10.45)

1.96 (1.74–2.21)

< 0.001

1.86 (1.64–2.11)

< 0.001

1.72 (1.45–2.06)

< 0.001

1.40 (1.17–1.68)

< 0.001

HVS_Q3

6396

951 (14.87)

2.91 (2.58–3.27)

< 0.001

2.71 (2.39–3.06)

< 0.001

2.23 (1.87–2.66)

< 0.001

1.67 (1.39 – 2.00)

< 0.001

HVS_Q4

6217

1,374 (22.10)

5.07 (4.53–5.67)

< 0.001

4.77 (4.23–5.38)

< 0.001

3.61 (3.04–4.29)

< 0.001

2.43 (2.03–2.90)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.032

Cardiac mortality

HVS_Q1

6778

85 (1.25)

ref

ref

ref

ref

HVS_Q2

7855

153 (1.95)

1.71 (1.31–2.23)

< 0.001

1.42 (1.08–1.89)

0.013

1.40 (1.00–1.97)

0.050

1.18 (0.84–1.67)

0.333

HVS_Q3

6396

155 (2.42)

2.22 (1.70–2.89)

< 0.001

1.70 (1.28–2.26)

< 0.001

1.27 (0.89–1.81)

0.187

1.03 (0.72–1.48)

0.884

HVS_Q4

6217

222 (3.57)

3.87 (3.01–4.96)

< 0.001

2.85 (2.16–3.76)

< 0.001

2.04 (1.44–2.88)

< 0.001

1.50 (1.06–2.14)

0.024

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Non-cardiac mortality

HVS_Q1

6778

311 (4.59)

ref

ref

ref

ref

HVS_Q2

7855

668 (8.50)

2.03 (1.78–2.32)

< 0.001

1.97 (1.71–2.26)

< 0.001

1.84 (1.49–2.26)

< 0.001

1.47 (1.20–1.82)

< 0.001

HVS_Q3

6396

796 (12.45)

3.09 (2.71–3.53)

< 0.001

2.97 (2.59–3.40)

< 0.001

2.62 (2.14–3.22)

< 0.001

1.93 (1.56–2.37)

< 0.001

HVS_Q4

6217

1,152 (18.53)

5.40 (4.76–6.12)

< 0.001

5.27 (4.61–6.03)

< 0.001

4.28 (3.550- 5.23)

< 0.001

2.80 (2.28–3.44)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001