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Table 2 Univariate analysis results in healthcare subjects compared to patients with and without diabetic foot

From: Assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic foot: correlations with endothelial dysfunction indices and markers of adipo-inflammatory dysfunction

Variables

DFS (n = 63)

NDFS (n = 30)

Healthy (n = 30)

pa

Age (years) (mean ± SD)

66.57 ± 9.54

61.20 ± 9.40

64.83 ± 6.48

0.08

SBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD)

132.81 ± 13.81

130.83 ± 17.62

128.00 ± 10.38

0.39

DBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD)

71.14 ± 11.30b

75.33 ± 10.08

77.66 ± 11.04

0.02

Height (cm) (mean ± SD)

168.33 ± 7.19c

161.96 ± 20.12

163.93 ± 5.74

0.03

Weight (kg) (mean ± SD)

84.25 ± 14.10b

87.10 ± 27.82b

73.06 ± 9.92

0.005

BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD)

29.54 ± 4.23

30.78 ± 6.67

28.08 ± 4.19

0.11

RHI (mean ± SD)

1.60 ± 0.33bc

2.01 ± 0.69

2.20 ± 0.38

 < 0.0005

MMSE (mean ± SD)

26.77 ± 3.44

27.03 ± 2.53

27.96 ± 1.24

0.16

MMSE corrected for age (mean ± SD)

26.57 ± 3.33b

27.16 ± 2.38

28.14 ± 1.15

0.03

HbA1c (%) (mean ± SD)

8.07 ± 1.26

7.74 ± 1.71

–

0.29

RMSDD (ms) (mean ± SD)

81.46 ± 95.22

46.23 ± 53.93

86.11 ± 74.04

0.10

SDNN/5 min (ms) (mean ± SD)

66.39 ± 23.97

59.40 ± 16.19

71.75 ± 22.52

0.09

SD (ms) (mean ± SD)

87.83 ± 50.65

85.69 ± 37.72

101.38 ± 47.07

0.34

LF% (mean ± SD)

19.63 ± 11.08

24.06 ± 13.64

55.35 ± 222.94

0.33

HF% (mean ± SD)

21.23 ± 14.68c

11.10 ± 11.58

14.70 ± 11.15

0.002

LF/HF (mean ± SD)

1.63 ± 1.66c

3.18 ± 2.82b

1.07 ± 0.44

 < 0.0005

Omentin-1 (ng/mL) (mean ± SD)

18.95 ± 3.60bc

21.80 ± 5.79b

31.16 ± 4.53

 < 0.0005

Vaspine (mean ± SD)

0.20 ± 0.05

0.21 ± 0.58

0.19 ± 0.03

0.23

  1. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; RHI, reactive hyperemia index; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; RMSSD, root mean square of the successive differences in 5 min; SDNN, standard deviation of the NN (R-R) intervals; SD, standard deviation; LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; LF/HF, low frequency/high frequency
  2. ap, intergroup differences among patient groups, univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analysis with the Tukey test to determine pairwise intragroup differences
  3. bvs healthy subjects, cvs NDFS
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840