A cross sectional study to compare cardiac structure and diastolic function in adolescents and young adults with youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

Table 3 Risk factors associated with diastolic function in participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Parameter	E/A (lower is worse)			E/e’ (higher is worse)			e’/a’(lower is worse)
Parameter	Estimate	SE	p value	Estimate	SE	p value	Estimate	SE	p value
Intercept	1.919	0.156	< .0001	1.458	0.158	< .0001	2.283	0.165	< .0001
Age at diagnosis	− 0.009	0.003	0.0043	0.000	0.003	0.9531	− 0.020	0.003	< .0001
Race—Caucasian	0.002	0.026	0.9265	− 0.038	0.026	0.1426	− 0.007	0.027	0.8045
Sex—Female	− 0.045	0.026	0.0866	0.078	0.027	0.0033	− 0.016	0.028	0.5567
DM Type—Type 1	− 0.031	0.037	0.3926	− 0.071	0.037	0.0570	− 0.064	0.039	0.1000
DM duration (yr)	− 0.015	0.004	0.0002	0.006	0.004	0.1258	− 0.023	0.004	< .0001
Heart Rate (bpm)	− 0.009	0.001	< .0001	0.001	0.001	0.3097	− 0.009	0.001	< .0001
Systolic BP z-score	0.009	0.015	0.5573	0.039	0.015	0.0082	− 0.013	0.015	0.3978
Diastolic BP z-score	− 0.010	0.017	0.5577	0.008	0.017	0.6371	− 0.002	0.018	0.9161
Days of Vigorous activity	0.006	0.006	0.2513	0.007	0.006	0.2118	0.003	0.006	0.6334
HbA1c (%)	− 0.010	0.005	0.0657	− 0.006	0.005	0.2484	0.000	0.006	0.9865
LDL-C (mg/dl)	0.000	0.000	0.3661	0.000	0.000	0.6358	− 0.001	0.000	0.0656
HDL-C (mg/dl)	0.000	0.001	0.8548	0.000	0.001	0.6698	− 0.001	0.001	0.5657
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	− 0.021	0.022	0.3475	0.026	0.022	0.2375	− 0.020	0.023	0.3911
BMI z-score	0.007	0.016	0.6591	0.019	0.017	0.2484	− 0.026	0.017	0.1297
LVM index	0.000	0.002	0.8764	0.006	0.002	0.0001	− 0.005	0.002	0.0051
PWV carotid femoral	− 0.046	0.011	< .0001	− 0.015	0.011	0.1712	− 0.028	0.011	0.0168
Model R²	0.47			0.31			0.48

Bolded values indicate significant variables
Parameter estimates, standard error (SE) and p values from sequential linear regression models are presented above. The model presented above is the final model and included baseline covariates: age at diagnosis, race, sex, diabetes type, duration of DM, heart rate and blood pressure, physical activity, lipids, BMI, HbA1c, LVM index and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity and adjusted for clinical site. All outcomes are log transformed for modeling

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