Table 1 Participants’ characteristics of the EPIC-DZD study according to quintiles of skin AF
Skin AF (arbitrary units) | 1st quintile | 2nd quintile | 3rd quintile | 4th quintile | 5th quintile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.70 (0.22) | 2.00 (0.12) | 2.23 (0.12) | 2.49 (0.15) | 2.92 (0.39) | |
Sociodemographics | |||||
Age, y | 64.0 (12.0) | 65.0 (12.0) | 67.0 (11.0) | 69.0 (12.0) | 73.0 (11.0) |
Women, n (%) | 559 (79.1) | 509 (71.9) | 431 (61.1) | 347 (49.1) | 264 (37.3) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.8 (5.44) | 25.9 (5.85) | 26.7 (5.44) | 26.2 (5.65) | 27.0 (5.44) |
Waist circumference, cm | 87.2 (17.3) | 90.0 (19.0) | 92.4 (18.3) | 93.7 (18.2) | 96.8 (16.3) |
Obesity, n (%) | 132 (18.7) | 142 (20.1) | 150 (21.3) | 162 (19.5) | 182 (25.7) |
Recreational physical activity | |||||
Biking, h/week | 1.50 (4.00) | 2.00 (5.00) | 2.00 (5.00) | 2.00 (5.00) | 1.00 (4.00) |
Sport, h/week | 2.00 (2.83) | 2.00 (3.00) | 2.00 (3.00) | 1.50 (3.00) | 1.42 (3.00) |
Smoking status | |||||
Current smoker, n (%) | 37 (5.2) | 48 (6.8) | 49 (6.9) | 72 (10.2) | 92 (13.0) |
Former smoker, n (%) | 220 (31.1) | 250 (35.3) | 300 (42.5) | 285 (40.3) | 325 (46.0) |
SBP, mmHg | 137 (24.0) | 137 (25.0) | 139 (24.0) | 141 (24.0) | 141 (24.0) |
DBP, mmHg | 80.0 (12.0) | 81.0 (13.0) | 81.0 (13.0) | 80.0 (13.0) | 78.0 (14.0) |
Pulse, beats/min | 67.0 (12.0) | 67.0 (12.0) | 66.0 (13.0) | 66.0 (14.0) | 67.0 (14.0) |
Antidiabetic treatment, n (%) | 53 (7.5) | 71 (10.0) | 95 (13.5) | 124 (17.5) | 204 (28.9) |
Lipid-lowering treatment, n (%) | 138 (19.5) | 146 (20.6) | 189 (26.8) | 188 (26.6) | 290 (41.0) |
Prevalent hypertension, n (%) | 499 (70.6) | 500 (70.6) | 544 (77.1) | 553 (78.2) | 614 (86.9) |
Antihypertensive treatment, n (%) | 324 (45.8) | 335 (47.3) | 381 (54.0) | 393 (55.6) | 476 (67.3) |
Prevalent HF, n (%) | 5 (0.7) | 4 (0.6) | 8 (1.1) | 4 (0.6) | 12 (1.7) |
Prior stroke, n (%) | 11 (1.6) | 17 (2.4) | 11 (1.6) | 10 (1.4) | 17 (2.4) |
Prior MI, n (%) | 2 (0.3) | 7 (1.0) | 9 (1.3) | 19 (2.7) | 25 (3.5) |
Biomarkers | |||||
HbA1c, % | 5.50 (0.50) | 5.50 (0.40) | 5.50 (0.50) | 5.50 (0.60) | 5.70 (0.80) |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 36.6 (3.33) | 36.6 (2.66) | 36.6 (3.33) | 36.6 (4.08) | 38.8 (5.45) |
Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.67 (1.39) | 5.58 (1.32) | 5.49 (1.62) | 5.44 (1.60) | 5.16 (1.62) |
Total cholesterol, mmol/la | 5.92 (1.35) | 5.86 (1.24) | 5.81 (1.35) | 5.73 (1.26) | 5.63 (1.25) |
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.63 (0.55) | 1.57 (0.59) | 1.51 (0.50) | 1.49 (0.55) | 1.41 (0.53) |
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/la | 1.66 (0.53) | 1.60 (0.58) | 1.57 (0.49) | 1.53 (0.55) | 1.50 (0.53) |
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.50 (1.30) | 3.50 (1.20) | 3.40 (1.40) | 3.40 (1.5) | 3.10 (1.60) |
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/la | 3.78 (1.10) | 3.70 (1.15) | 3.60 (1.12) | 3.68 (1.10) | 3.50 (1.00) |
Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.28 (0.84) | 1.29 (0.88) | 1.37 (0.85) | 1.33 (0.93) | 1.40 (1.12) |
CRP, mg/l | 1.30 (1.90) | 1.40 (2.00) | 1.40 (2.00) | 1.50 (2.20) | 1.60 (2.40) |
Creatinine, µmol/l | 69.0 (18.0) | 69.0 (17.0) | 72.0 (18.0) | 76.0 (21.0) | 79.0 (22.0) |