Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studied patients with and without diabetes by randomization
DM, n = 266 | nonDM, n = 516 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HCTR-DM n = 129 | UC-DM n = 137 | p1 | HCTR-nonDM n = 256 | UC-nonDM n = 260 | p2 | |
Males, n (%) | 120 (93.0) | 125 (91.2) | 0.590 | 225 (87.9) | 228 (87.7) | 0.945 |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 65.1 ± 8.1 | 63.4 ± 7.9 | 0.090 | 60.6 ± 11.7 | 61.1 ± 11.2 | 0.668 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 30.0 ± 5.1 | 31.1 ± 4.6 | 0.068 | 28.2 ± 5.0 | 28.0 ± 4.4 | 0.711 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%), mean ± SD | 30.8 ± 6.2 | 29.9 ± 7.0 | 0.286 | 31.1 ± 7.2 | 30.7 ± 7.0 | 0.491 |
Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, n (%) | 28 (21.7%) | 31 (22.6) | 0.856 | 45 (17.6) | 41 (15.8) | 0.581 |
Etiology of heart failure, n (%) | ||||||
Ischaemic | 95 (73.6) | 95 (69.3) | 0.438 | 158 (61.7) | 158 (60.8) | 0.825 |
Non-ischeamic | 34 (26.4) | 42 (30.7) | 98 (38.3) | 102 (39.2) | ||
Previous medical history, n (%) | ||||||
Coronary artery disease | 94 (72.9) | 93 (67.9) | 0.374 | 159 (62.1) | 156 (60.0) | 0.623 |
Myocardial infarction | 84 (65.1) | 84 (61.3) | 0.521 | 142 (55.5) | 137 (52.7) | 0.527 |
Angioplasty | 65 (50.4) | 69 (50.4) | 0.997 | 119 (46.5) | 111 (42.7) | 0.386 |
Coronary artery bypass grafting | 30 (23.3) | 27 (19.7) | 0.481 | 28 (10.9) | 37 (14.2) | 0.260 |
Hypertension | 93 (72.1) | 103 (75.2) | 0.567 | 134 (52.3) | 152 (58.5) | 0.162 |
Stroke | 8 (6.2) | 16 (11.7) | 0.119 | 13 (5.1) | 14 (5.4) | 0.876 |
Chronic kidney disease | 36 (27.9) | 36 (26.3) | 0.765 | 34 (13.3) | 25 (9.6) | 0.191 |
Hyperlipidemia | 67 (51.9) | 58 (42.3) | 0.117 | 124 (48.4) | 115 (44.2) | 0.338 |
Functional status | ||||||
NYHA I, n (%) | 7 (5.4) | 11 (8.0) | 0.275 | 44 (17.2) | 38 (14.6) | 0.613 |
NYHA II, n (%) | 91 (70.5) | 84 (61.3) | 181 (70.7) | 185 (71.2) | ||
NYHA III, n (%) | 31 (24.1) | 42 (30.7) | 31 (12.1) | 37 (14.2) | ||
Treatment | ||||||
Beta-blocker | 128 (99.2) | 136 (99.3) | 0.966 | 241 (94.1) | 253 (97.3) | 0.075 |
ACEI/ARB | 119 (92.2) | 127 (92.7) | 0.889 | 240 (93.7) | 245 (94.2) | 0.818 |
Digoxin | 21 (16.3) | 26 (19.0) | 0.564 | 27 (10.5) | 23 (8.8) | 0.514 |
Loop diuretics | 108 (83.7) | 117 (85.4) | 0.704 | 174 (68.0) | 192 (73.8) | 0.142 |
Spironolactone/eplerenone | 104 (80.6) | 107 (78.1) | 0.612 | 215 (84.0) | 217 (83.5) | 0.872 |
Aspirin/clopidogrel | 74 (57.4) | 77 (56.2) | 0.849 | 145 (56.6) | 147 (56.5) | 0.981 |
Anticoagulants | 43 (33.3) | 50 (36.5) | 0.589 | 70 (27.3) | 71 (27.3) | 0.993 |
Statins | 110 (85.3) | 122 (89.1) | 0.356 | 205 (80.1) | 202 (77.7) | 0.507 |
CIEDs | 107 (82.9) | 116 (84.7) | 0.702 | 197 (76.9) | 206 (79.2) | 0.532 |
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | 61 (57.0) | 70 (60.3) | 0.815 | 128 (65.0) | 137 (66.5) | 0.905 |
CRT-P | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.5) | 4 (1.9) | ||
CRT-D | 44 (41.1) | 45 (38.8) | 64 (32.5) | 62 (30.1) | ||