Table 2 Clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with an SGLT2i stratified by changes in body weight (BW)
No BW loss (n = 3,832) | BW loss 0.0–5.0% (n = 4,814) | BW loss \(\ge\) 5.0% (n = 1,591) | P value (ANOVA) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Diabetes duration (year) | 8.1 ± 3.6 | 8.3 ± 3.6 | 8.1 ± 3.7 | 0.004 |
Age (year) | 58.2 ± 11.6 | 58.4 ± 11.3 | 60.0 ± 11.8 | < 0.001 |
Female | 1610 (42) | 2009 (42) | 725 (46) | 0.023 |
Ischemic heart etiology | 313 (8) | 352 (7) | 150 (9) | 0.022 |
Hypertension | 2564 (67) | 3231 (67) | 1048 (66) | 0.654 |
Dyslipidemia | 2827 (74) | 3734 (78) | 1127 (71) | < 0.001 |
Cerebral vascular accidents | 186 (5) | 174 (4) | 79 (5) | 0.006 |
Congestive heart failure | 150 (4) | 108 (2) | 73 (5) | < 0.001 |
Chronic lung disease | 85 (2) | 98 (2) | 39 (2) | 0.593 |
Chronic liver disease | 1066 (28) | 1374 (29) | 401 (25) | 0.036 |
Chronic kidney disease | 711 (19) | 793 (16) | 248 (16) | 0.008 |
Peripheral artery disease | 32 (1) | 40 (1) | 17 (1) | 0.648 |
Gout | 409 (11) | 489 (10) | 141 (9) | 0.132 |
Malignancy | 319 (8) | 361 (7) | 127 (8) | 0.363 |
Vital sign | ||||
Height (cm) | 162.1 ± 12.1 | 162.3 ± 12.0 | 160.5 ± 14.2 | < 0.001 |
Body weight (KG) | 73.3 ± 15.2 | 75.3 ± 15.0 | 73.5 ± 15.1 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 4.7 | 28.3 ± 4.7 | 28.1 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
Body weight loss (KG) | 1.4 ± 2.6 | − 2.0 ± 1.0 | − 5.9 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 138.5 ± 20.2 | 139.1 ± 19.2 | 139.1 ± 19.6 | 0.324 |
DBP (mmHg) | 78.0 ± 12.1 | 78.1 ± 11.3 | 77.7 ± 11.6 | 0.403 |
HR (bpm) | 84.8 ± 13.5 | 84.6 ± 13.1 | 84.8 ± 13.4 | 0.696 |
Baseline laboratory data | ||||
HbA1c (%) | 9.0 ± 1.8 | 8.7 ± 1.5 | 8.8 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/m2) | 93.8 ± 31.7 | 94.7 ± 28.3 | 94.0 ± 30.3 | 0.391 |
ALT (U/L) | 34.5 ± 33.7 | 34.8 ± 26.8 | 34.8 ± 80.6 | 0.915 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 190.6 ± 247.9 | 178.5 ± 222.6 | 166.2 ± 142.4 | 0.001 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 95.1 ± 32.2 | 92.5 ± 28.8 | 93.6 ± 29.3 | < 0.001 |
HDL (mg/d) | 43.6 ± 11.3 | 44.0 ± 11.0 | 44.7 ± 11.6 | 0.003 |
Baseline medications | ||||
Anti-platelet agent | 1192 (31) | 1541 (32) | 558 (35) | 0.017 |
Statin | 2286 (60) | 3079 (64) | 960 (60) | < 0.001 |
Non-dihydropyridine CCB | 210 (5) | 232 (4) | 94 (6) | 0.166 |
Dihydropyridine CCB | 616 (16) | 760 (16) | 230 (14) | 0.318 |
Beta-blocker | 1238 (32) | 1488 (32) | 510 (32) | 0.350 |
ACEI or ARB or ARNI | 203 (60) | 2896 (62) | 909 (57) | 0.074 |
MRA | 117 (3) | 99 (2) | 50 (3) | 0.005 |
Loop diuretics | 275 (7) | 254 (5) | 132 (8) | < 0.001 |
Thiazides | 22 (1) | 31 (1) | 12 (1) | 0.745 |
Nitrate | 245 (6) | 247 (5) | 106 (7) | 0.014 |
Digoxin | 41 (1) | 30 (1) | 8 (1) | 0.025 |
Anti-diabetic agent | ||||
SU | 2562 (67) | 3286 (68) | 1061 (67) | 0.292 |
Metformin | 3419 (89) | 4440 (92) | 1424 (90) | < 0.001 |
Glinide | 123 (3) | 155 (3) | 50 (3) | 0.988 |
DPP4i | 1826 (48) | 2409 (50) | 758 (48) | 0.054 |
Glitazone | 941 (25) | 1235 (26) | 399 (25) | 0.504 |
Acarbose | 802 (21) | 976 (20) | 337 (21) | 0.647 |
Insulin | 798 (21) | 721 (15) | 239 (15) | < 0.001 |
GLP1 agonist | 30 (1) | 36 (1) | 14 (1) | 0.874 |