Treatment | ZLC | ZOC | ZOSV | ZOV | ZOH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | (6) | (10) | (11) | (11) | (10) |
Heart weight (mg) | 1147 ± 41 | 1429 ± 62* | 1392 ± 67*§ | 1302 ± 35*§ | 1639 ± 50* |
HW/TL (mg mm−1) | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 18.1 ± 0.5* | 16.8 ± 0.7*§ | 17.3 ± 0.4§ | 15.8 ± 0.6* |
Systolic parameters | (6) | (6) | (6) | (7) | (6) |
 Ejection fraction (%) | 69 ± 3 | 76 ± 2 | 81 ± 2* | 80 ± 2* | 80 ± 4* |
 Cardiac output (ml min−1) | 190 ± 23 | 270 ± 29 | 281 ± 24* | 260 ± 19§ | 342 ± 36* |
 Stroke volume (µl) | 504 ± 52 | 762 ± 90 | 828 ± 74* | 768 ± 54 | 874 ± 111* |
 IVCT (ms) | 12.5 ± 0.9 | 15.5 ± 0.6 | 11.7 ± 1.3†| 13.7 ± 1.9 | 13.5 ± 2.9 |
 s’ (mm sec−1) | 58 ± 1 | 42 ± 3* | 41 ± 1* | 43 ± 3* | 48 ± 6 |
Diastolic parameters | (6) | (6) | (6) | (7) | (6) |
 E, (mm sec−1) | 888 ± 56 | 1117 ± 126 | 894 ± 53 | 1095 ± 63 | 1091 ± 60 |
 A, (mm sec−1) late | 886 ± 36 | 1036 ± 127 | 814 ± 70 | 973 ± 54 | 1098 ± 127 |
 E/A ratio | 1.00 ± 0.04 | 1.07 ± 0.08 | 1.12 ± 0.06 | 1.15 ± 0.11 | 1.03 ± 0.11 |
 e’, (mm sec−1) | 94 ± 7 | 52 ± 6* | 55 ± 7* | 56 ± 8* | 76 ± 10 |
 a’, (mm sec−1) | 76 ± 4 | 69 ± 10 | 51 ± 3*§ | 76 ± 6‡ | 68 ± 4‡ |
 e’/a’ ratio | 1.23 ± 0.03 | 0.76 ± 0.05* | 1.08 ± 0.12†| 0.75 ± 0.08*‡§ | 1.12 ± 0.13†|
 E/e’ (LV filling pressure) | 10.3 ± 0.7 | 22.7 ± 2.6* | 17.1 ± 1.5 | 20.9 ± 2.4* | 15.5 ± 2.6 |
 Diastolic stiffness (E/e’/LVIDd) | 1.16 ± 0.13 | 2.68 ± 0.29* | 2.09 ± 0.22* | 2.51 ± 0.30*§ | 1.67 ± 0.25†|
 IVRT (ms) | 17.5 ± 0.7 | 25.8 ± 1.4* | 21.3 ± 0.7*†| 20.3 ± 0.6*†| 18.4 ± 1.8†|
 Ejection Time (ms) | 64.7 ± 2.4 | 71.1 ± 1.7 | 68.4 ± 1.8 | 66.5 ± 3.1 | 60.4 ± 2.0 |
 LVETI | 702 ± 13 | 685 ± 17 | 650 ± 12* | 716 ± 32 | 679 ± 27 |
 MPI | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 0.58 ± 0.01* | 0.49 ± 0.03†| 0.52 ± 0.04 | 0.52 ± 0.06 |
Structural parameters | (6) | (6) | (6) | (7) | (6) |
 LA/Ao ratio | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 1.38 ± 0.11* | 1.23 ± 0.10* | 1.28 ± 0.03* | 1.35 ± 0.05* |
 LV Mass (mg) | 863 ± 35 | 1067 ± 19* | 1104 ± 73*§ | 976 ± 45§ | 1340 ± 64*†|
 AWTd (mm) | 1.60 ± 0.07 | 2.07 ± 0.05* | 2.07 ± 0.16* | 1.87 ± 0.07 | 2.03 ± 0.08* |
 PWTd (mm) | 1.68 ± 0.06 | 1.83 ± 0.11 | 2.04 ± 0.16* | 1.81 ± 0.10 | 2.08 ± 0.05* |
 Relative wall thickness | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.46 ± 0.03* | 0.50 ± 0.04* | 0.44 ± 0.02* | 0.45 ± 0.02* |
 LVIDd (mm) | 8.71 ± 0.25 | 8.45 ± 0.21 | 8.26 ± 0.17§ | 8.32 ± 0.14§ | 9.22 ± 0.26†|
 LVIDs (mm) | 5.24 ± 0.29 | 4.44 ± 0.16* | 3.99 ± 0.26* | 4.09 ± 0.23* | 4.55 ± 0.47 |