Table 1 Characteristics of the included cohort studies
Study | Country | Design | Characteristics of participants | Number of participants | Mean age (years) | Male (%) | DM (%) | TyG index analysis | Follow-up duration (years) | Outcome validation | Outcomes reported | Variables adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sanchez-Inigo [19] | Spain | PC | First-time attendee outpatients to an internal medicine department without ASCVDs | 5,014 | 54.4 | 61.2 | 5.2 | Q5:Q1 | 8.8 | ICD-10 | Composite ASCVDs (505), CAD (233), stroke (157), and PAD (74) | Age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, lifestyle pattern, HTN, T2DM, antiplatelet therapy, HDL-C, and LDL-C |
Salazar [20] | Argentina | PC | Community population without DM or ASCVDs | 723 | 50.3 | 32.8 | 0 | Q4:Q1–Q3; Continuous | 8.2 | Clinical evaluation | Composite ASCVDs (42) | Age, sex, smoking, LDL-C, BMI, and aspirin, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drug use |
Su [21] | China | RC | T2DM patients without previous ASCVDs | 3,524 | 61.7 | 49.1 | 100 | Continuous | 5.9 | Medical record review | Composite ASCVDs (215) | Age, sex, HTN, BMI, HDL-C, eGFR, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drug use |
Li [18] | China | RC | Participants aged over 60 years without previous ASCVDs who participated in a routine health check-up program | 6,078 | 70.5 | 53.1 | 11.8 | Q4:Q1; Continuous | 5.5 | ICD-10 | Composite ASCVDs (705), CAD (500), and stroke (234) | Age, sex, living alone, current smoker, alcohol consumption, exercise, BMI, SBP, HDL-C, LDL-C, and T2DM |
Hong [23] | Korea | RC | Community population without ASCVDs | 5,593,134 | 53.0 | 50.5 | 3.7 | Q4:Q1 | 8.2 | ICD-10 | Composite ASCVDs (146,744), CAD (62,577), and stroke (89,120) | Age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, low socioeconomic status, BMI, HTN, and TC |
Park [24] | Korea | PC | Community population without DM or ASCVDs | 16,455 | 46.1 | 51.2 | 0 | Q4:Q1 | 2.4 | ICD-10 | CAD (322) | Age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, mean arterial BP, hs-CRP, CKD, and hypertension medication |
Barzegar [22] | Iran | PC | Community population without ASCVDs | 7,521 | 46.7 | 44.7 | 13.2 | Q4:Q1; Continuous | 16.1 | Clinical evaluation | Composite ASCVDs (1084), and CAD (924) | Age, sex, WC, BMI, educational level, smoking status, physical activity, family history of CVD, T2DM, HTN, LDL-C, HDL-C, and lipid-lowering drugs |
Tian [25] | China | PC | Community population without ASCVDs | 98,849 | 51.8 | 79.8 | 3.07 | Q4:Q1 | 11.0 | ICD-10 | CAD (1555) | Age, sex, education, income, smoking, alcohol abuse, physical activity, BMI, SBP, DBP, HTN, DM, dyslipidemia, antidiabetic drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and HDL-C, LDL-C, and hs-CRP levels at baseline |