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Table 2 Association of MetS, CAC score, and EAT measures with MACE risk in multivariable Cox regression

From: Metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, and artificial intelligence-based epicardial adipose tissue measures predict long-term risk of cardiac events: a prospective study

 

HR

95% CI

P value

Model 1

 MetS/diabetes status

  No MetS or diabetes

1.00 (Reference)

  MetS (no diabetes)

1.62

1.13–2.34

0.01

  Diabetes

1.78

1.11–2.84

0.02

 Age, years

1.07

1.05–1.08

< 0.001

 Male sex

1.83

1.37–2.44

< 0.001

 LDL cholesterol, mmol/L

1.02

1.01–1.03

0.01

Model 2: Model 1 + CAC score

 CAC scorea

1.28

1.22–1.33

< 0.001

 Mets/diabetes status

  No MetS or diabetes

1.00 (Reference)

  MetS (no diabetes)

1.58

1.10–2.27

0.01

  Diabetes

1.44

0.90–2.30

0.13

Model 3: Model 2 + EAT volumeb

 EAT volume, cm3a

1.52

1.23–1.89

< 0.001

 CAC score

1.28

1.23–1.33

< 0.001

Model 4: Model 2 + EAT attenuationb

 EAT attenuation, HU

0.95

0.93–0.98

< 0.001

 CAC score

1.27

1.21–1.32

< 0.001

  1. Final models based on backward stepwise selection of variables at a Wald p-value of 0.05
  2. Co-variates entered in Model 1: age, male sex, current smoker, past smoker, LDL cholesterol, statin use, anti-hypertensive treatment
  3. aHazard ratios are per 2-fold increase/doubling of EAT volume (cm3) and CAC score
  4. bMetS/diabetes status categories were not significantly associated with MACE risk
  5. CAC, coronary artery calcium; CAD, coronary artery disease; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MetS, metabolic syndrome
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840