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Fig. 1 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 1

From: Association of metformin monotherapy or combined therapy with cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Fig. 1

Snapshot of trial design and roles of metformin in glycometabolism. In the left side of illustration, metformin promotes the uptake of bile acid and luminal bile acid, and increases the levels of GLP-1, which further inhibits the energy intake of brain, pancreatic levels of glucagon, and hepatic glucagon degradation. Metformin also increases the secretion of insulin. In the right side of illustration, clinical usage of metformin has diverse roles on mortality, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, hypertension, stroke, PVD microvascular events, nephropathy, and ocupathy

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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840