Table 2 Characteristics of participants at baseline according to the incidence of cancer death during follow-up
From: History of lower-limb complications and risk of cancer death in people with type 2 diabetes
| Â | Cancer death | |
|---|---|---|
| Â | No | Yes |
N | 10,824 | 316 (2.8) |
Gender, n (%) | ||
 Women | 4633 | 100 (2.1) |
 Men | 6191 | 216 (3.4) |
Region of origin, n (%) | ||
 Asia | 4059 | 77 (1.9) |
 Established market economies | 4688 | 174 (3.6) |
 Eastern Europe | 2077 | 65 (3.0) |
Age, years: mean (SD) | 66 (6) | 69 (6) |
Duration of diabetes, years: mean (SD) | 7.9 (6.3) | 7.9 (6.6) |
Body mass index, kg/m2: mean (SD) | 28 (5) | 29 (5) |
Waist circumference, cm: mean (SD) | 98 (13) | 101 (13) |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg: mean (SD) | 145 (21) | 146 (22) |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg: mean (SD) | 81 [11] | 80 [11] |
Mini-mental state examination | ||
 Overall MMSE score, mean (SD) | 28 (2) | 28 (2) |
 Participants with normal MMSE score, n (%) |  8456 | 233 (2.7) |
 Participants with reduced MMSE score, n (%) | 2368 | 83 (3.4) |
Education accomplishment | ||
 Age at completion, years: mean (SD) | 18 (7) | 17 (6) |
 Participants with basic education, n (%) | 6941 | 175 (2.5) |
 Participants with low education, n (%) | 3883 | 141 (3.5) |
HbA1c, mean (SD) | ||
 % | 7.5 (1.5) | 7.6 (1.6) |
 mmol/mol | 59 (17) | 59 (17) |
Urinary ACR, µg/mg: median (25th, 75th percentiles) | 1 (1,2) | 1 (1,2) |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2: mean (SD) | 74 (17) | 71 (17) |
Serum total cholesterol, mmol/l: mean (SD) | 5.2 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.1) |
Serum HDL cholesterol, mmol/l: mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) |
Serum LDL cholesterol, mmol/l: mean (SD) | 3.1 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.0) |
Serum triglycerides, mmol/l: median (25th, 75th percentiles) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.3) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.3) |
History of complications, n (%) | ||
 Coronary arterial disease | 2318 | 62 (2.6) |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 1401 | 38 (2.6) |
 Diabetic kidney disease | 2358 | 86 (3.5) |
 Diabetic retinopathy | 1041 | 38 (3.5) |
 Dementia | 107 | 2 (1.8) |
History of tobacco smoking, n (%) | ||
 Ever | 4501 | 173 (3.7) |
 Current | 1626 | 56 (3.3) |
History of alcohol drinking, n (%) | ||
 Past | 4097 | 140 (3.3) |
 Current | 3281 | 115 (3.4) |
History of medication use, n (%) | ||
Metformin | 6582 | 170 (2.5) |
 Insulin therapy | 154 | 5 (3.1) |
 Antihypertensive treatment | 7448 | 207 (2.7) |
 Antiplatelet drugs | 5058 | 141 (2.7) |
 Statins | 3058 | 88 (2.8) |
Study allocations, n (%) | ||
 Intensive glucose control group | 5423 | 148 (2.7) |
 Perindopril/indapamide combination | 5422 | 147 (2.6) |