Skip to main content

Table 4 Associations between FLP-CGM-derived metrics and high arterial stiffness

From: Associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and arterial stiffness in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Parameter

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Mean glucose (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

1.12 (1.01–1.25)

0.039

 Model 2

1.16 (1.03–1.32)

0.016

 Model 3

1.17 (1.03–1.32)

0.014

 Model 4

1.22 (0.98–1.52)

0.078

SD (mmol/L) (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

1.99 (1.46–2.71)

< 0.001

 Model 2

1.86 (1.33–2.59)

< 0.001

 Model 3

1.73 (1.24–2.43)

0.001

 Model 4

1.92 (1.22–3.03)

0.005

CV (%) (1% increase)

 Model 1

1.08 (1.04–1.12)

< 0.001

 Model 2

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

0.003

 Model 3

1.05 (1.01–1.09)

0.022

 Model 4

1.05 (1.01–1.10)

0.024

MAGE (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

1.24 (1.12–1.36)

< 0.001

 Model 2

1.21 (1.08–1.34)

< 0.001

 Model 3

1.19 (1.07–1.33)

0.001

 Model 4

1.24 (1.08–1.42)

0.003

TIR 3.9–10 mmol/L (10% increase)

 Model 1

0.87 (0.79–0.96)

0.004

 Model 2

0.86 (0.77–0.96)

0.007

 Model 3

0.86 (0.77–0.96)

0.009

 Model 4

0.85 (0.71–1.03)

0.096

TAR > 10 mmol/L (1% increase)

 Model 1

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

0.014

 Model 2

1.01 (1.00–1.03)

0.013

 Model 3

1.01 (1.00–1.03)

0.013

 Model 4

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

0.097

TAR > 13.9 mmol/L (1% increase)

 Model 1

1.02 (1.00–1.05)

0.029

 Model 2

1.03 (1.01–1.06)

0.005

 Model 3

1.04 (1.01–1.06)

0.003

 Model 4

1.05 (1.01–1.09)

0.016

TBR < 3.9 mmol/L (1% increase)

 Model 1

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

0.098

 Model 2

1.02 (0.97–1.07)

0.453

 Model 3

1.01 (0.96–1.06)

0.862

 Model 4

1.00 (0.94–1.07)

0.914

TBR < 3.0 mmol/L (1% increase)

 Model 1

1.10 (0.96–1.28)

0.179

 Model 2

1.07 (0.92–1.25)

0.367

 Model 3

1.04 (0.90–1.21)

0.609

 Model 4

1.00 (0.84–1.20)

0.968

LBGI (1 unit increase)

 Model 1

1.10 (0.98–1.24)

0.110

 Model 2

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

0.384

 Model 3

1.02 (0.89–1.16)

0.790

 Model 4

1.00 (0.85–1.18)

0.973

HBGI (1 unit increase)

 Model 1

1.06 (1.02–1.11)

0.004

 Model 2

1.08 (1.03–1.13)

0.002

 Model 3

1.08 (1.03–1.13)

0.002

 Model 4

1.10 (1.02–1.19)

0.013

MODD (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

1.50 (1.09–2.05)

0.012

 Model 2

1.71 (1.20–2.44)

0.003

 Model 3

1.59 (1.11–2.29)

0.013

 Model 4

1.40 (0.81–2.29)

0.239

IQR (1 mmol/L increase)

 Model 1

1.33 (1.03–1.71)

0.026

 Model 2

1.53 (1.15–2.04)

0.003

 Model 3

1.45 (1.08–1.94)

0.013

 Model 4

1.40 (0.91–2.12)

0.129

HbA1c (1% increase)

 Model 1

1.08 (0.84–1.39)

0.531

 Model 2

1.21 (0.91–1.62)

0.193

 Model 3

1.20 (0.89–1.62)

0.228

 Model 4 (excluding HbA1c)

0.93 (0.64–1.35)

0.707

  1. Model 1: crude
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age and gender
  3. Model 3: adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus BMI, and duration of diabetes
  4. Model 4: adjusted for variables in Model 3 plus HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, logarithm of triglycerides, serum uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate, logarithm of urinary albumin excretion, presence of diabetic retinopathy, smoking status (never smoker, previous smoker, or current smoker), use of insulin therapy, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers, use of statins, and use of anti-platelet agents
  5. CI: confidence interval; CV: coefficient of variation; FLP-CGM: FreeStyle Libre Pro continuous glucose monitoring; HBGI: high blood glucose index; IQR: interquartile range; LBGI: low blood glucose index; MAGE: mean amplitude of glycemic excursion; MODD: mean of daily differences; SD: standard deviation; TAR: time above range; TBR: time below range; TIR: time in range
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840