Prognostic value of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for predicting cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus with suspected coronary artery disease: a prospective cohort study

Table 1 Patient characteristics according to presence or absence of NAFLD

Variables	NAFLD, n = 143	No NAFLD, n = 386	p value
Age, years	60 ± 12	67 ± 12	< 0.001
Male gender	90 (63)	234 (61)	0.627
Body mass index, kg/m²	28 ± 4	24 ± 4	< 0.001
Visceral adipose tissue, cm²	139 ± 55	102 ± 57	< 0.001
Hypertension	108 (76)	265 (69)	0.124
Dyslipidemia	98 (69)	222 (58)	0.021
Current smoker	40 (28)	86 (22)	0.172
Obesity	99 (69)	126 (33)	< 0.001
β blocker	29 (20)	80 (21)	0.91
Calcium channel blocker	55 (39)	157 (41)	0.645
ACE-I or ARB	80 (56)	192 (50)	0.205
Statin	71 (50)	165 (43)	0.156
Insulin therapy	17 (12)	33 (9)	0.244
Oral antihyperglycemic drugs	94 (66)	198 (51)	0.003
Metformin	46 (32)	54 (14)	< 0.001
Thiazolidinediones	31 (22)	101 (26)	0.289
Alpha glucosidase inhibitor	20 (14)	62 (16)	0.558
DPP4 inhibitors	57 (40)	117 (30)	0.038
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.93 ± 0.91	1.14 ± 1.40	0.046
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²	72 ± 19	64 ± 23	< 0.001
AST, IU/L	29 ± 15	22 ± 13	< 0.001
ALT, IU/L	35 ± 22	22 ± 23	< 0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	183 ± 37	183 ± 35	0.911
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	108 ± 32	109 ± 30	0.767
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	49 ± 16	56 ± 16	< 0.001
Triglyceride, mg/dL	150(102, 235)	109(81, 156)	< 0.001
HbA1c, %	7.6 ± 1.6	7.3 ± 1.7	0.076
CACS	30(0, 186)	107 (0, 536)	0.002
CACS category (0–99/≥100)	41/52/50	97/90/199	0.001
FRS	8.6 ± 3.9	8.6 ± 3.8	0.796
ESC very-high risk group	110 (77)	245 (64)	0.003

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, number (%), or median [25th–75th percentile]
NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase ratio, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin A1c, CACS coronary artery calcium score, FRS Framingham risk score, ESC European Society of Cardiology, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4

ISSN: 1475-2840