Table 1 Patient characteristics according to documentation of heart failure
All Patients on loop diuretics n = 215,957 | Heart failure documented n = 110,809 | Heart failure not documented n = 105,148 | Standardized differencea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 70.6 ± 11.9 | 72.1 ± 11.8 | 69.5 ± 11.9 | 22.7% |
Men | 106,584/225,111 (47.3%) | 48,867/91,965 (53.1%) | 57,717/133,146 (43.3%) | 19.7% |
Race | 4.4% | |||
White | 135,394/161,754 (83.7%) | 54,130/65,360 (82.8%) | 81,264/96,394 (84.3%) | |
Black | 23,239/161,754 (14.4%) | 9804/65,360 (15.0%) | 13,435/96,394 (13.9%) | |
Other | 3001/161,754 (1.9%) | 1370/65,360 (2.1%) | 1631/96,394 (1.7%) | |
Multiracial | 120/161,754 (0.1%) | 56/65,360 (0.1%) | 64/96,394 (0.1%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 34.4 ± 8.7 (n = 161,705) | 33.3 ± 8.5 (n = 67,707) | 35.2 ± 8.7 (n = 93,998) | 21.8% |
Current smoker | 67,481/215,433 (31.3%) | 28,506/88,703 (32.1%) | 38,975/126,730 (30.8%) | 10.2% |
Hypertension | 198,558 (88.2%) | 83,614 (90.9%) | 114,944 (86.3%) | 14.5% |
Dyslipidemia | 170,251 (75.6%) | 72,169 (78.5%) | 98,082 (73.7%) | 11.3% |
Coronary artery disease | 124,602 (55.3%) | 64,937 (70.6%) | 59,665 (44.8%) | 54.1% |
Prior myocardial infarction | 26,765 (11.9%) | 16,727 (18.2%) | 10,038 (7.5%) | 32.2% |
Prior stroke | 48,692 (21.6%) | 23,257 (25.3%) | 25,435 (19.1%) | 14.9% |
Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 70,661 (31.4%) | 41,917 (45.6%) | 28,744 (21.6%) | 52.5% |
Chronic kidney disease | 10,131 (4.5%) | 4429 (4.8%) | 5702 (4.3%) | 2.6% |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.0 ± 18.4 (n = 211,968) | 126.7 ± 18.7 (n = 87,160) | 130.6 ± 18.0 (n = 124,808) | 21.2% |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.6 ± 10.8 (n = 211,781) | 71.4 ± 11.0 (n = 87,079) | 73.5 ± 10.7 (n = 124,702) | 19.8% |
LV function documented | 97,728 (43.4%) | 54,560 (59.3%) | 43,168 (32.4%) | 56.1% |
LV function | 67.6% | |||
Hyperdynamic (> 70%) | 5464/97,728 (5.6%) | 2015/54,560 (3.7%) | 3449/43,168 (8.0%) | |
Normal (50–70%) | 60,698/97,728 (62.1%) | 28,108/54,560 (51.5%) | 32,590/43,168 (75.5%) | |
Mildly reduced (40–49%) | 12,636/97,728 (12.9%) | 8785/54,560 (16.1%) | 3851/43,168 (8.9%) | |
Moderately reduced (30–39%) | 9606/97,728 (9.8%) | 7762/54,560 (14.2%) | 1844/43,168 (4.3%) | |
Severely reduced (< 30%) | 9324/97,728 (9.5%) | 7890/54,560 (14.5%) | 1434/43,168 (3.3%) | |
Beta blocker | 174,779 (77.6%) | 80,424 (87.4%) | 94,355 (70.9%) | 41.7% |
ACE inhibitor or ARB | 166,536 (74.0%) | 68,787 (74.8%) | 97,749 (73.4%) | 3.2% |
Diabetes medications | ||||
Insulin | 81,480 (36.2%) | 33,705 (36.6%) | 47,775 (35.9%) | 1.6% |
Metformin | 108,987 (48.4%) | 41,894 (45.6%) | 67,093 (50.4%) | 9.7% |
Sulfonylurea | 66,620 (29.6%) | 28,085 (30.5%) | 38,535 (28.9%) | 3.5% |
Thiazolidinedione | 14,920 (6.6%) | 4732 (5.1%) | 10,188 (7.7%) | 10.3% |
DPP-4 inhibitor | 34,038 (15.1%) | 13,149 (14.3%) | 20,889 (15.7%) | 3.9% |
GLP-1 agonist | 19,384 (8.6%) | 5705 (6.2%) | 13,679 (10.3%) | 14.8% |
SGLT-2 inhibitor | 13,462 (6.0%) | 4015 (4.4%) | 9447 (7.1%) | 11.8% |