Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study population at baseline in overall, and automatic vs. echo-guided patients
Parameters | Overall population (n 191) | Automatic (n 93) | Echo guided (n 98) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 71 ± 6 | 71 ± 7 | 72 ± 6 | 0.426 |
Male (%) | 134 (70.2) | 63 (67.7) | 71 (72.4) | 0.431 |
Smokers (%) | 97 (50.8) | 46 (49.5) | 51 (52) | 0.407 |
Hypertension (%) | 136 (71.2) | 65 (69.9) | 71 (72.5) | 0.282 |
Dislipidemia (%) | 71 (37.2) | 35 (37.6) | 36 (36.7) | 0.462 |
Plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 186.7 ± 22.1 | 185.5 ± 22.3 | 188.9 ± 22.0 | 0.367 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 57.9 ± 16.3 | 57.8 ± 16.2 | 58.1 ± 16.4 | 0.263 |
BMI > 30 kg/m2(%) | 15 (7.8) | 8 (8.6) | 7 (7.1) | 0.791 |
COPD (%) | 35 (18.3) | 17 (18.3) | 18 (18.4) | 0.538 |
Renal disease (%) | 35 (18.3) | 16 (17.2) | 19 (19.4) | 0.105 |
Ischemic heartfailure (%) | 131 (68.6%) | 65 (69.9) | 66 (67.4) | 0.302 |
II NYHA class (%) | 33 (25.2) | 16 (24.6) | 17 (25.8) | 0.280 |
III NYHA class (%) | 98 (74.8) | 49 (75.4) | 49 (74.2) | 0.211 |
QRS duration (ms) | 137.4 ± 9.2 | 137.5 ± 9.0 | 137.9 ± 9.4 | 0.930 |
6MWT | 243.47 ± 41.83 | 241.18 ± 44.94 | 246.75 ± 40.74 | 0.371 |
SonR values (g) | / | 0.24 ± 0.08 | / | / |
Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
LVEF (%) | 27 ± 8 | 27 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 0.285 |
LVEDd (mm) | 65 ± 8 | 66 ± 7 | 64 ± 9 | 0.101 |
LVESd (mm) | 43 ± 8 | 41 ± 6 | 44 ± 9 | 0.291 |
LVEDv (ml) | 205 ± 20 | 206 ± 18 | 203 ± 22 | 0.993 |
LVESv (ml) | 146 ± 17 | 148 ± 15 | 145 ± 18 | 0.818 |
Mitral insufficiency | ||||
+ (%) | 96 (50.3) | 45 (48.4) | 51 (52.0) | 0.359 |
+ + (%) | 78 (40.8) | 38 (40.9) | 40 (40.8) | 0.556 |
+ + + (%) | 17 (8.9) | 10 (10.7) | 7 (7.2) | 0.451 |
Medications at baseline | ||||
Amiodarone (%) | 40 (20.9) | 19 (20.4) | 21 (21.4) | 0.569 |
ACE inhibitors (%) | 86 (45) | 42 (45.2) | 44 (44.9) | 0.543 |
ARS blockers (%) | 61 (31.9) | 31 (33.3) | 30 (30.6) | 0.464 |
Sacubitril/valsartan (%) | 47 (24.6) | 23 (24.7) | 24 (24.5) | 0.551 |
Beta blockers: | ||||
Carvedilol (%) | 74 (38.7) | 36 (38.7) | 38 (38.8) | 0.555 |
Bisoprolol (%) | 62 (32.5) | 32 (34.4) | 30 (30.6) | 0.539 |
Aspirin (%) | 76 (39.8) | 36 (38.7) | 40 (40.8) | 0.558 |
Tiklopidine(%) | 5 (2.6) | 2 (2.1) | 3 (3.1) | 0.525 |
Warfarin (%) | 57 (29.8) | 27 (29) | 30 (30.6) | 0.468 |
NOAC (%) | 45 (23.6) | 20 (21.5) | 25 (25.5) | 0.316 |
Calcium antagonist (%) | 12 (6.3) | 5 (5.4) | 7 (7.1) | 0.501 |
Ivabradine(%) | 40 (20.9) | 21 (22.6) | 19 (19.4) | 0.599 |
Digoxin (%) | 57 (29.8) | 27 (29) | 30 (30.6) | 0.468 |
Loop diuretics (%) | 168 (88) | 79 (84.9) | 89 (90.8) | 0.268 |
Aldosterone Blockers (%) | 117 (61.3) | 55 (59.1) | 62 (63.3) | 0.656 |
Statins (%) | 142 (74.3) | 69 (74.2) | 73 (74.5) | 0.461 |
Anti diabetic drugs, n (%) | ||||
Insulin (%) | 40 (20.9) | 18 (19.3) | 22 (22.4) | 0.722 |
Metformin (%) | 109 (57.1) | 49 (52.7) | 60 (61.2) | 0.246 |
Sulfonylureas (%) | 34 (17.8) | 16 (17.2) | 18 (18.4) | 0.852 |
Thiazolidinediones (%) | 22 (11.5) | 10 (10.7) | 12 (12.2) | 0.823 |
GLP-1 agonist (%) | 28 (14.7) | 13 (14) | 15 (15.3) | 0.840 |
DPP-4 inhibitors (%): | 40 (20.9) | 18 (19.3) | 22 (22.5) | 0.722 |
Biomarkers | ||||
Lymphocytes | 7.95 ± 2.29 | 7.99 ± 2.23 | 7.83 ± 2.35 | 0.271 |
Neutrophiles | 5.38 ± 1.92 | 5.40 ± 1.95 | 5.37 ± 1.90 | 0.421 |
BNP (pg/ml) | 327.38 ± 18.61 | 321.04 ± 18.72 | 332.74 ± 19.55 | 0.667 |
CRP (mg/L) | 9.84 ± 0.94 | 10.36 ± 1.03 | 9.36 ± 0.97 | 0.466 |
IL6 (pg/ml) | 6.42 ± 0.05 | 6.38 ± 0.04 | 6.47 ± 0.06 | 0.272 |
TNFα (pg/ml) | 6.31 ± 0.03 | 6.34 ± 0.03 | 6.29 ± 0.02 | 0.269 |