Use of the ankle-brachial index combined with the percentage of mean arterial pressure at the ankle to improve prediction of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an observational study

Table 2 Cox regression analysis for all-cause mortality*

	Crude			Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P
Normal ABI and normal %MAP^#	1.000			1.000			1.000			1.000
Normal ABI but high %MAP	2.510	(1.805, 3.490)	< 0.001	2.231	(1.597, 3.116)	< 0.001	2.018	(1.443, 2.823)	< 0.001	1.579	(1.120, 2.226)	0.009
Low ABI but normal %MAP	2.390	(1.298, 4.400)	0.005	2.171	(1.178, 4.000)	0.013	1.965	(1.063, 3.631)	0.031	1.730	(0.932, 3.209)	0.082
Low ABI and high %MAP	4.167	(2.997, 5.795)	< 0.001	3.076	(2.199, 4.305)	< 0.001	2.539	(1.801, 3.578)	< 0.001	2.045	(1.420, 2.945)	< 0.001

* The cumulative mortality rate was 4.8% in a total of 5569 enrolled patients
^#Low ABI was defined as an ABI value ≤ 0.90 and normal ABI > 0.90; high %MAP was defined as %MAP > 45% and normal %MAP ≤ 45%
%MAP percentage of mean arterial pressure, ABI ankle-brachial index, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking, cardiovascular disease, and body mass index; Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking, cardiovascular disease, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive drugs, use of insulin, use of statins, and use of antiplatelet agents

ISSN: 1475-2840