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Table 2 Intention-to-treat analysis for the lipid and inflammatory profile at baseline and following 1-year

From: Impact of combined training with different exercise intensities on inflammatory and lipid markers in type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis from a 1-year randomized controlled trial

 

Control (n = 27)

MCT (n = 28)

HIIT (n = 25)

MCT* control

HIIT* control

MCT* HIIT

Outcome

Baseline

12 months

Δ

Baseline

12 months

Δ

Baseline

12 months

Δ

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

TC (mmol/L)

4.8 ± 1.0

5.2 ± 1.1†

0.4 ± 0.8

4.9 ± 1.4

4.9 ± 1.3

0.0 ± 0.7

5.0 ± 1.0

4.9 ± 0.8

− 0.1 ± 0.6

− 0.02 (− 0.06; 0.01)

− 0.03 (− 0.06; − 0.00)*

0.04 (− 0.02; 0.03)

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.4 ± 0.8

3.6 ± 1.0

0.2 ± 0.7

3.5 ± 1.2

3.5 ± 1.1

− 0.0 ± 0.6

3.6 ± 0.8

3.5 ± 0.7

− 0.1 ± 0.4

− 0.03 (− 0.05; 0.00)

− 0.03 (− 0.05; − 0.00)*

0.00 (− 0.02; 0.02)

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.2 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.3

0.0 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

0.1 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.2†

+0.1 ± 0.1

0.00 (− 0.00; 0.01)

0.00 (− 0.01; 0.01)

− 0.00 (− 0.01; 0.00)

Triglycerides (mmol/L)+

1.5 ± 1.0

1.6 ± 1.2

0.1 ± 1.1

1.4 ± 1.2

1.3 ± 1.2

− 0.1 ± 0.7

1.3 ± 1.2

1.5 ± 0.9

0.2 ± 0.7

− 0.02 (− 0.05; 0.02)

− 0.02 (− 0.05; 0.02)

− 0.00 (− 0.03; 0.03)

sCD163 (ng/L)

1.03 ± 0.4

1.00 ± 0.37

− 0.03 ± 0.3

0.89 ± 0.4

1.10 ± 0.4

0.21 ± 0.4

0.99 ± 0.4

0.98 ± 0.4

− 0.01 ± 0.3

− 0.01 (− 0.02;0.01)

0.00 (− 0.01;0.02)

− 0.01 (− 0.02; 0.01)

TNF-α (pg/ml)+

0.10 ± 0.17

0.99 ± 1.16†

− 0.01 ± 0.7

0.09 ± 0.10

0.06 ± 1.12

− 0.3 ± 0.8

0.10 ± 0.29

0.05 ± 1.07

− 0.05 ± 0.7

− 0.02 (− 0.05; 0.01)

− 0.03 (− 0.06; 0.00)

0.01 (− 0.02; 0.03)

IL-6 (pg/ml)

19.6 ± 13.4

25.7 ± 14.4†

6.0 ± 17.0

25.2 ± 14.3

23.1 ± 11.8

− 2.4 ± 13.6

19.9 ± 14.8

18.6 ± 10.8

− 1.3 ± 12.5

− 0.70 (− 1.35; − 0.05)*

− 0.62 (− 1.24; − 0.00)*

− 0.08 (− 0.62; 0.46)

CRP (nmol/L)+

32.3 ± 61.0

29.7 ± 35.3

− 2.6 ± 32.4

21.0 ± 34.7

23.9 ± 55.1

2.9 ± 35.0

29.7 ± 36.9

21.9 ± 59.3

− 7.8 ± 54.7

0.86 (− 0.57; 2.28)

0.92 (− 0.90; 2.73)

− 0.06 (− 1.91; 1.78)

Cortisol (nmol/L)+

398.0 ± 174.4

391.4 ± 264.3

− 6.6 ± 307.7

466.5 ± 358.2

368.9 ± 200.3

− 97.6 ± 414.5

408.4 ± 357.0

402.2 ± 251.4

− 6.6 ± 307.7

− 1.31 (− 16.7; 14.1)

− 1.90 (− 14.9; 11.1)

0.59 (− 14.7; 15.9)

WBFI (kg/m2)

10.5 ± 3.3

10.7 ± 3.5

0.2 ± 0.9

11.0 ± 3.4

10.5 ± 3.5†

− 0.5 ± 1.3

10.0 ± 3.9

9.7 ± 4.1

− 0.3 ± 0.8

− 0.06 (− 0.12; − 0.01)*

− 0.04 (− 0.09; 0.01)

− 0.02 (− 0.07; 0.03)

AFI (kg/m2)

1.0 ± 0.4

1.0 ± 0.4

0.0 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.4

1.0 ± 0.4†

− 0.1 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.4

1.0 ± 0.4

− 0.0 ± 0.1

− 0.01 (− 0.02; − 0.01)*

− 0.01 (− 0.01; 0.02)

− 0.01 (− 0.01; 0.00)

WC (cm)

103.0 ± 12.4

102.7 ± 11.8

− 0.3 ± 4.4

103.8 ± 11.3

101.8 ± 12.1

− 2.0 ± 4.9

102.7 ± 14.3

101.6 ± 14.4

− 1.1 ± 5.0

− 0.17 (− 0.44; 0.09)

− 0.08 (− 0.31; 0.15)

− 0.08 (− 0.32; 0.16)

Weight (kg)

84.1 ± 15.8

84.7 ± 15.2

0.6 ± 4.1

82.7 ± 13.4

82.0 ± 14.5

− 0.7 ± 5.1

81.6 ± 16.8

81.0 ± 17.0

− 0.6 ± 3.6

− 0.12 (− 0.34; 0.10)

− 0.08 (− 0.27; 0.12)

− 0.04 (− 0.26; 0.18)

  1. Betas coefficients are presented as unstandardized coefficients adjusted for age, sex and baseline MVPA with the respective 95% confidence intervals
  2. AFI android fat index, CRP, C-reactive protein, HIIT high-intensity interval training, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IL-6 interleukin 6; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MCT moderate continuous training, TC total cholesterol, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alfa, WBFI whole-body fat index
  3. * Between-group changes significant at p < 0.05
  4. † Within-group changes significant at p < 0.05
  5. +Skewed values are presented as median ± inter quartile range
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840