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Table 3 Subgroup analysis according to clinically relevant factors in quartile 4 versus fasting glucose variability of quartiles 1–3

From: Glucose variability and the risks of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes: retrospective cohort study

 

Stroke

Myocardial infarction

All-cause mortality

IR per 1000

HR (95% CI)

IR per 1000

HR (95% CI)

IR per 1000

HR (95% CI)

Age (years)

 20–39 (n = 51687)

0.56

0.78 (0.59–1.03)

0.93

0.89 (0.72–1.09)

1.14

1.01 (0.84–1.22)

 40–64 (n = 413136)

3.43

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

2.50

1.07 (1.01–1.12)

4.82

1.17 (1.13–1.21)

  ≥ 65 (n = 159414)

12.08

1.13 (1.09–1.18)

6.35

1.12 (1.07–1.18)

24.15

1.18 (1.15–1.21)

  P for interaction

 

0.001

 

0.056

 

0.102

Sex

 Male (n = 411054)

5.07

1.05 (1.01–1.09)

3.29

1.06 (1.01–1.11)

10.15

1.17 (1.14–1.20)

 Female (n = 213183)

5.62

1.13 (1.07–1.18)

3.33

1.13 (1.07–1.21)

7.49

1.19 (1.14–1.24)

  P for interaction

 

0.028

 

0.071

 

0.387

BMI

  < 25 kg/m2 (n = 331714)

5.66

1.10 (1.06–1.14)

3.44

1.08 (1.03–1.13)

11.31

1.19 (1.16–1.22)

  ≥ 25 kg/m2 (n = 292523)

4.81

1.05(1.01–1.10)

3.15

1.10 (1.04–1.16)

6.91

1.14 (1.10–1.18)

  P for interaction

 

0.117

 

0.477

 

0.020

Current smoking

 No (n = 462880)

5.33

1.13 (1.09–1.17)

3.23

1.12 (1.07–1.17)

9.11

1.19 (1.16–1.22)

 Yes (n = 161357)

5.06

0.94 (0.89–0.99)

3.53

1.01 (0.95–1.08)

9.59

1.15 (1.10–1.19)

  P for interaction

 

<0.001

 

0.026

 

0.089

Hypertension

 No (n = 283826)

3.35

1.02 (0.97–1.08)

2.38

1.01 (0.95–1.08)

6.50

1.17 (1.13–1.21)

 Yes (n = 340411)

6.89

1.11 (1.07–1.14)

4.09

1.13 (1.09–1.19)

11.55

1.19 (1.16–1.22)

  P for interaction

 

0.011

 

0.001

 

0.845

Dyslipidemia

 No (n = 398284)

5.24

1.05 (1.01–1.09)

3.09

1.09 (1.04–1.14)

9.99

1.17 (1.15–1.20)

 Yes (n = 225953)

5.29

1.13 (1.07–1.18)

3.68

1.10 (1.04–1.16)

7.93

1.19 (1.15–1.24)

  P for interaction

 

0.007

 

0.397

 

0.476

Malignancy

 No (n = 608518)

5.25

1.15 (1.11–1.18)

3.39

1.13 (1.09–1.18)

9.75

1.24 (1.21–1.27)

 Yes (n = 15719)

7.22

1.03 (0.88–1.22)

4.68

1.11 (0.90–1.36)

32.14

1.18 (1.09–1.28)

  P for interaction

 

0.213

 

0.682

 

0.702

Income lower 20%

 No (n = 477241)

5.08

1.08 (1.05–1.12)

3.22

1.10 (1.05–1.14)

8.82

1.21 (1.18–1.24)

 Yes (n = 146996)

5.83

1.07 (1.01–1.13)

3.57

1.07 (1.00–1.15)

10.57

1.12 (1.08–1.17)

  P for interaction

 

0.759

 

0.618

 

0.001

  1. Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol drinking, smoking, regular exercise, presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and lower 20% income, duration of diabetes over 5 years, the number of classes of oral anti-diabetic medication taken in the 12 months prior to baseline, presence of prescription history of insulin, and mean of fasting glucose
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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