Metformin + insulin (n = 183) | Placebo + insulin (n = 189) | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 61.0 (8.7) | 60.3 (9.1) |
Male, N (%) | 140 (68) | 141 (68) |
Body mass indexa | 32.3 (4.2) | 32.1 (4.2) |
Smokers, N (%) | 36 (18) | 27 (13) |
Median (IQR) alcohol consumption (units/week) | 2 (0;6) | 1 (0;5) |
Duration of type 2 diabetes (years) | 13.5 (6.2) | 12.2 (6.5) |
HbA1c (%) | 8.6 (1.1) | 8.5 (1.0) |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 70 (12) | 69 (11) |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.2 (0.8) | 2.2 (0.8) |
eGFRb (mL/min) | 130 (44) | 126 (45) |
Vitamin B12 (pmol/l) | 283 (200; 369) | 275 (222; 359) |
Methyl malonic acid (µmol/l) | 0.20 (0.15; 0.25) | 0.21 (0.16; 0.27) |
Diabetic complications | ||
Symptomatic autonomous neuropathy N (%) | 33 (16) | 36 (18) |
Symptomatic peripheral neuropathy N (%) | 76 (37) | 78 (38) |
Prior cardiovascular disease N (%)c | 45 (22) | 55 (27) |
Microalbuminuria N (%) | 48 (24) | 40 (20) |
Macroalbuminuria N (%) | 12 (6) | 8 (4) |
Simplex retinopathy N (%) | 59 (30) | 63 (31) |
Proliferative retinopathy N (%) | 15 (8) | 10 (5) |
Medication at baseline | ||
RAS blockade N (%) | 159 (77) | 149 (72) |
Beta blocker N (%) | 41 (10) | 42 (10) |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 103 (54.5) | 109 (59.6) |
Diuretics N (%) | 74 (18) | 71 (17) |
Statin N (%) | 170 (83) | 181 (88) |