Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients (n = 163)

Age (years)

65 [58–70]

Sex male n (%)

130 (80)

BMI (kg/m²)

28.39 [25.44;31.77]

Waist circumference (cm)

101 [93;110]

Smoking habit (active or past) n (%)

97(60)

Diabetes duration (years)

12 [6–20]

Glycemia (mmol/l)

7.7 [6.2;9.25]

HbA1c  % (mmol/mol)

7.4 [6.9;8.25]

(57 [52;67])

Ischemic cardiomyopathy n (%)

117 (69)

Calcification score

526.73 [55.25–2253.41]

NDS ≥ 6 n (%)

25 (15)

Laserised retinopathy n (%)

26 (16)

eGFR MDRD (ml/min)

77 [63.5;89]

Microalbuminuria (mg/l)

20 [8.55;66.95]

urinary albumin-creatinine ratio > 3 mg/mmol n (%)

53 (33)

Hypertension n (%)

131 (80)

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.25 [0.91;2]

Total Cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.52 [2.7;4.31]

HDL Cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.06 [0.88;1.27]

LDL Cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.84 [1.46;2.35]

SBP (mmHg)

124 [115;135]

DBP (mmHg)

72 [67;78]

hsCRP (mg/l)

1.20 [0.5;2.6]

IL-6 (pg/ml)

2.80 [2.1;4]

Adiponectine

3.50 [2.7;5.05]

TyG index

8.99 [8.53;9.49]

IGF-1 (ng/ml)

139 [105;170]

Standardized IGF-1 (ng/ml)

− 0.12 (− 1.21 to 0.8)

MG‐H1 (µmol/g prot)

2.79 [2.48;3.06]

Pentosidine (nmol/g prot)

1.10 [0.84;1.42]

Carboxyméthyllysine (µmol/g prot)

0.14 [0.13;0.16]

sRAGE (pg/ml)

828.77 [582.61;1181.96]

Corrected calcium (mmol/l)

2.31 [2.24;2.38]

Phosphorus (mmol/l)

1.01 [0.91;1.13]

iPTH (pg/ml)

47.05 [36.75;64.97]

sRankl (pmol/l)

8.06 [2.59;16.8]

OPG (pmol/l)

6.06 [5.26;7.13]

OPG/RANKL

0.73 [0.33–2.25]

Fetuin A (g/l)

0.65 [0.51;1.13]

FGF-23 (UI/ml)

20.87 [11.65;34.07]

t-ucMGP

4733 [3680–5490]

Dp-ucMGP

561 [339–761]

Insulin use n (%)

75 (46)

Metformin use n (%)

130 (80)

Sulfonylurea use n (%)

71 (43)

Statin use n (%)

146 (90)

Antiplatelet use n (%)

136 (83)

ARB and ACE inhibitors use n (%)

128 (79)

Beta-blocker use n (%)

102 (63)