Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants

Age, y

57.1 ± 7.8

61.2 ± 11.5

57 ± 11.6

0.206

Men, n (%)

6 (24)

24 (72.7)*

21 (65.6)^†

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

23.5 ± 2.9

26 ± 4*

24.6 ± 2.6

0.021

WC, cm

80.9 ± 7.5

92.3 ± 11.4*

83.4 ± 16.3^‡

< 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

1 (4)

19 (57.6)*

15 (46.9)^†

< 0.001

DM, n (%)

2 (8)

13 (39.4)*

13 (40.6)^†

0.021

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

2 (8)

16 (48.5)*

19 (59.4)^†

< 0.001

Current smokers, n (%)

2 (8)

13 (39.4)*

13 (40.6)^†

0.021

Statin use, n (%)

0

11 (33.3)

9 (28.1)

0.649

Hypertension medication, n (%)

0

17 (51.5)

6 (18.8)^‡

0.006

DM medication, n (%)

0

13 (39.4)

10 (31.3)

0.492

Total choleaterol, mg/dL

189 ± 25.3

156.4 ± 35.2*

186.9 ± 43.6^‡

0.001

Triglycerides, mg/dL

86.7 ± 44.3

160.4 ± 99.8*

136.6 ± 142.1^†‡

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

59.4 ± 15.7

48.7 ± 15.2*

45 ± 11.8^†

0.001

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

115.3 ± 24.1

91.9 ± 30.1*

124.3 ± 41.7^‡

< 0.001

HbA1c,  %

5.7 ± 0.4

7 ± 1.6*

6.9 ± 2.1^†

< 0.001

WBC, × 10³/μL

5 ± 1.3

6.5 ± 1.2*

10.9 ± 3.3^†‡

< 0.001

hsCRP, mg/L

0.6 ± 0.6

1.5 ± 1.6*

3.5 ± 3.1^†‡

< 0.001

VAT area, cm²

147 ± 57.1

261.3 ± 110.6*

209.1 ± 80.1^†

< 0.001

SAT area, cm²

335.4 ± 95

347.8 ± 168.4

294.2 ± 83.1

0.294

peak CK-MB, ng/mL

…

…

145.6 ± 127.3

…

peak troponin-T, ng/mL

…

…

3.7 ± 4.6

…

Metabolic parameters

Carotid artery TBR

1.2 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.4*

2.1 ± 0.4^†‡

< 0.001

Spleen SUVmax

1.5 ± 0.3

2 ± 0.3*

2.6 ± 0.4^†‡

< 0.001

BM SUVmax

0.8 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.6*

1.7 ± 0.2^†‡

< 0.001