Table 4 NMR-assessed advanced lipoprotein profile in control and T1DM groups according to gender
From: Advanced lipoprotein profile disturbances in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a focus on LDL particles
NMR variable | Control (n = 347) | T1DM (n = 508) | Men (control vs. T1DM) | Women (control vs. T1DM) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | p | Men | Women | p | |||
VLDL-P number (nmol/L) | ||||||||
 Total | 44.2 (31.5–67.8) | 32.0 (23.8–45.0) | < 0.001 | 31.4 (25.0–43.6) | 25.9 (21.2–32.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Large | 1.06 (0.81–1.51) | 0.86 (0.60–1.100) | < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.73–1.24) | 0.71 (0.56–0.94) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Medium | 4.45 (2.94–6.32) | 3.36 (2.36–4.94) | < 0.001 | 3.29 (2.32–4.83) | 2.51 (1.68–3.70) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Small | 37.5 (27.7–59.6) | 27.7 (20.2–39.4) | < 0.001 | 27.3 (22.0–37.6) | 22.8 (18.8–28.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Ratio large/total | 0.024 (0.023–0.027) | 0.026 (0.023–0.028) | 0.012 | 0.028 (0.025–0.030) | 0.027 (0.025–0.029) | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
VLDL-P composition (mg/dL) | ||||||||
 VLDL-C | 11.30 (6.54–19.40) | 7.64 (4.39–12.85) | < 0.001 | 8.99 (5.64–14.60) | 6.64 (3.68–9.41) | < 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.003 |
 VLDL-TG | 62.1 (44.0–94.0) | 45.8 (34.0–63.2) | < 0.001 | 43.9 (35.2–62.4) | 36.7 (29.2–45.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Ratio VLDL-C/VLDL-TG | 0.17 (0.13–0.21) | 0.17 (0.12–0.21) | 0.451 | 0.20 (0.15–0.24) | 0.17 (0.12–0.22) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.429 |
VLDL-P size (nm) | 42.08 (41.96–42.24) | 42.15 (41.98–42.32) | 0.041 | 42.14 (41.95–42.33) | 42.10 (41.87–42.25) | 0.03 | 0.135 | 0.008 |
LDL-P number (nmol/L) | ||||||||
 Total | 1413 (1204–1624) | 1315 (1137–1506) | 0.003 | 1257 (1128–1383) | 1231 (1125–1383) | 0.849 | < 0.001 | 0.008 |
 Large | 191.4 (166.2–218.0) | 192.2 (169.2–215.0) | 0.957 | 174.8 (159.1–191.5) | 176.2 (160.1–200.9) | 0.419 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Medium | 432.1 (323.7–534.7) | 441.1 (351.3–530.3) | 0.475 | 364.8 (304.9–444.2) | 387.0 (324.0–489.2) | 0.008 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Small | 778.7 (692.9–878.4) | 671.2 (593.5–761.4) | < 0.001 | 693.4 (635.7–766.2) | 672.8 (614.2–733.9) | 0.002 | < 0.001 | 0.79 |
 Ratio small/total | 0.56 (0.52–0.60) | 0.51 (0.48–0.55) | < 0.001 | 0.56 (0.52–0.60) | 0.54 (0.49–0.58) | < 0.001 | 0.607 | < 0.001 |
LDL-P composition (mg/dL) | ||||||||
 LDL-C | 137.0 (116.9–157.2) | 130.7 (111.3–149.6) | 0.05 | 123.2 (110.0–137.2) | 121.2 (110.2–136.9) | 0.798 | < 0.001 | 0.005 |
 LDL-TG | 16.5 (13.0–20.1) | 16.8 (13.7–20.6) | 0.656 | 14.1 (12.2–16.9) | 15.1 (12.7–18.2) | 0.013 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
 Ratio LDL-C/LDL-TG | 8.48 (7.55–9.56) | 7.96 (7.00–8.92) | 0.003 | 8.62 (7.61–9.79) | 8.07 (7.14–9.31) | < 0.001 | 0.304 | 0.169 |
LDL-P size (nm) | 20.9 ± 0.26 | 21.1 ± 0.24 | < 0.001 | 21.0 ± 0.27 | 21.1 ± 0.27 | < 0.001 | 0.035 | 0.01 |
HDL-P number (μmol/L) | ||||||||
 Total | 27.3 (24.3–29.9) | 31.2 (27.8–35.1) | < 0.001 | 29.6 (26.5–33.6) | 34.2 (30.8–37.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Large | 0.25 (0.23–0.29) | 0.28 (0.25–0.31) | < 0.001 | 0.26 (0.24–0.29) | 0.29 (0.26–0.33) | < 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.001 |
 Medium | 8.06 (7.18–9.23) | 9.99 (8.81–11.48) | < 0.001 | 9.67 (8.58–10.82) | 11.8 (10.0–13.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Small | 18.8 (16.2–21.0) | 21.0 (1.83–23.7) | < 0.001 | 19.9 (17.2–22.7) | 22.0 (19.5–24.6) | < 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
 Ratio small/total | 0.69 (0.65–0.71) | 0.67 (0.64–0.70) | < 0.001 | 0.67 (0.64–0.69) | 0.65 (0.62–0.67) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
HDL-P composition (mg/dL) | ||||||||
 HDL-C | 51.4 (45.8–58.1) | 59.8 (53.0–69.7) | < 0.001 | 58.3 (50.9–65.5) | 69.0 (61.6–79.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 HDL-TG | 11.31 (9.05–14.03) | 13.6 (11.4–16.6) | < 0.001 | 13.9 (11.5–17.1) | 15.4 (13.2–18.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Ratio HDL-C/HDL-TG | 4.59 (3.64–5.66) | 4.40 (3.58–5.42) | 0.331 | 4.22 (3.43–5.14) | 4.43 (3.71–5.41) | 0.022 | 0.013 | 0.782 |
HDL-P size (nm) | 8.20 ± 0.06 | 8.22 ± 0.05 | < 0.001 | 8.24 ± 0.07 | 8.26 ± 0.06 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Other atherogenic variables | ||||||||
 Non-HDL-P (nmol/L) | 1446 (1224–1639) | 1316 (1130–1513) | < 0.001 | 1260 (1133–1395) | 1225 (1123–1369) | 0.342 | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
 Ratio LDL-P/HDL-P | 52.6 (44.0–63.3) | 41.1 (34.2–50.8) | < 0.001 | 41.7 (35.7–49.4) | 36.0 (31.6–42.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Ratio total-P/HDL-P | 54.0 (45.5–65.5) | 42.1 (35.3–52.0) | < 0.001 | 43.0 (36.6–51.2) | 36.6 (32.4–43.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |