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Table 2 General characteristics of all female participants by diabetic complications

From: Associations between abdominal obesity indices and diabetic complications: Chinese visceral adiposity index and neck circumference

Characteristic

Diabetic complications

CVD−

CVD+

P

DKD−

DKD+

P

DR−

DR+

P

N

1536

952

–

1453

422

–

1431

279

–

Age, year

65.15 ± 8.6

69.69 ± 7.79

< 0.001

66.71 ± 8.16

68.85 ± 8.97

< 0.001

66.72 ± 8.28

66.51 ± 7.69

0.693

Duration of diabetes, year

7 (3, 14)

10 (5, 18)

< 0.001

8 (3, 15)

10 (5, 18)

< 0.001

8 (3, 15)

10 (4.75, 19)

< 0.001

Current smoking, %

2.6

2.2

0.687

2.6

1.9

0.477

2.5

2.5

0.999

Beyond high school education, %

49.3

38.4

< 0.001

45.8

38.0

0.005

45.6

45.3

0.948

BMI, kg/m2

24.72 ± 3.85

25.27 ± 3.77

< 0.001

24.59 ± 3.71

26.16 ± 4

< 0.001

24.79 ± 3.82

25.45 ± 3.89

0.009

WC, cm

87.81 ± 9.97

89.68 ± 9.67

< 0.001

87.6 ± 9.64

92.27 ± 10.6

< 0.001

88.12 ± 9.98

89.62 ± 10.14

0.023

NC, cm

35.9 ± 2.94

36.35 ± 3.09

< 0.001

35.9 ± 2.97

36.87 ± 2.9

< 0.001

35.93 ± 2.94

36.41 ± 3.12

0.014

HC, cm

97.55 ± 8.85

98.51 ± 7.96

0.006

97.51 ± 8.18

99.92 ± 10.1

< 0.001

97.66 ± 8.83

98.66 ± 8.37

0.071

WHR

0.9 ± 0.07

0.91 ± 0.07

0.001

0.9 ± 0.07

0.93 ± 0.08

< 0.001

0.9 ± 0.07

0.91 ± 0.07

0.249

LAP

47.5 (30.0, 73.0)

51.7 (31.7, 77.9)

0.004

44.3 (28.4, 66.1)

60.1 (38.5, 95.3)

< 0.001

48.8 (30.7, 75.4)

48.1 (30.7, 74.1)

0.853

VAI

2.53 (1.64, 3.92)

2.64 (1.76, 4.04)

0.011

2.40 (1.58, 3.61)

3.01 (1.94, 4.79)

< 0.001

2.60 (1.69, 4.04)

2.36 (1.60, 3.67)

0.053

CVAI

122.58 ± 34.66

135.87 ± 31.67

< 0.001

123.45 ± 33.45

143.5 ± 33.87

< 0.001

126.43 ± 34.09

129.66 ± 34.48

0.149

FPG, mmol/L

7.67 ± 2.46

7.78 ± 2.62

0.297

7.54 ± 2.3

8.53 ± 3.12

< 0.001

7.65 ± 2.36

8.22 ± 2.93

< 0.001

HbA1c, %

7.37 ± 1.39

7.45 ± 1.3

0.121

7.3 ± 1.28

7.84 ± 1.57

< 0.001

7.31 ± 1.25

7.68 ± 1.56

< 0.001

TC, mmol/L

5.5 ± 1.16

5.13 ± 1.26

< 0.001

5.34 ± 1.18

5.44 ± 1.31

0.141

5.37 ± 1.21

5.49 ± 1.23

0.122

TG, mmol/L

1.62 (1.14, 2.23)

1.62 (1.20, 2.29)

0.203

1.52 (1.10, 2.12)

1.85 (1.26, 2.52)

< 0.001

1.63 (1.18, 2.31)

1.49 (1.13, 2.17)

0.084

HDL, mmol/L

1.31 ± 0.3

1.26 ± 0.29

< 0.001

1.32 ± 0.31

1.24 ± 0.28

< 0.001

3.29 ± 0.86

3.39 ± 0.9

0.078

LDL, mmol/L

3.39 ± 0.83

3.12 ± 0.91

< 0.001

3.27 ± 0.86

3.33 ± 0.92

0.286

1.29 ± 0.31

1.31 ± 0.29

0.382

CCA plaque, %

40.6

52.0

< 0.001

42.0

52.2

< 0.001

42.3

48.2

0.074

Ln ACR, mg/g

2.8 ± 1.12

2.94 ± 1.26

0.005

2.27 ± 0.64

4.47 ± 1.04

< 0.001

2.76 ± 1.14

3.04 ± 1.24

< 0.001

eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2

95.87 ± 15.19

88.13 ± 17.66

< 0.001

94.15 ± 14.54

89.47 ± 20.51

< 0.001

92.87 ± 16.33

94.23 ± 16.1

0.200

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

144.73 ± 19.71

147.46 ± 20.19

0.001

143.34 ± 18.84

155.09 ± 20.86

< 0.001

144.98 ± 19.82

149.05 ± 19.97

0.002

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

78.35 ± 10.1

76.61 ± 10.68

< 0.001

76.76 ± 10.13

79.58 ± 11

< 0.001

77.35 ± 10.43

77.5 ± 9.27

0.819

  1. The data are summarized as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables or as a numerical proportion for categorical variables
  2. CVD cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, DKD diabetic kidney disease, DR diabetic retinopathy, BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, CCA common carotid artery, Ln ACR log-transformed albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, NC neck circumference, HC hip circumference, WC waist circumference, VAI visceral adiposity index, LAP lipid accumulation product, CVAI Chinese visceral adiposity index, WHR waist-to-hip ratio
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840