Table 2 Baseline clinical characteristics of patients stratified by the optimal cutoff point of TyG index
|  | Total population (n = 798) | Lower TyG index (< 9.18; n = 429) | Higher TyG index (≥ 9.18; n = 369) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 60.9 ± 8.3 | 62.1 ± 7.9 | 59.5 ± 8.5 | < 0.001 |
Sex, male, n (%) | 545 (68.3) | 303 (70.6) | 242 (65.6) | 0.127 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 26.7 ± 3.2 | 26.3 ± 3.2 | 27.1 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 |
Heart rate, bpm | 71.7 ± 10.2 | 70.9 ± 9.6 | 72.5 ± 10.8 | 0.028 |
SBP, mmHg | 131.8 ± 17.1 | 131.3 ± 16.8 | 132.2 ± 17.5 | 0.443 |
DBP, mmHg | 76.8 ± 10.1 | 76.2 ± 10.1 | 77.6 ± 10.1 | 0.051 |
Smoking, n (%) | 417 (52.3) | 227 (52.9) | 190 (51.5) | 0.688 |
Drinking, n (%) | 184 (23.1) | 106 (24.7) | 78 (21.1) | 0.233 |
Family history of CAD, n (%) | 93 (11.7) | 44 (10.3) | 49 (13.3) | 0.185 |
Duration of diabetes, years | 8.2 ± 4.3 | 8.3 ± 4.3 | 8.2 ± 4.2 | 0.681 |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
 Hypertension | 573 (71.8) | 303 (70.6) | 270 (73.2) | 0.426 |
 Dyslipidemia | 710 (89.0) | 347 (80.9) | 363 (98.4) | < 0.001 |
 Prior MI | 175 (21.9) | 90 (21.0) | 85 (23.0) | 0.484 |
 Prior PCI | 151 (18.9) | 82 (19.1) | 69 (18.7) | 0.881 |
 Prior stroke | 109 (13.7) | 60 (14.0) | 49 (13.3) | 0.772 |
 Prior PVD | 125 (15.7) | 72 (16.8) | 53 (14.4) | 0.348 |
Laboratory results | ||||
 TGs, mg/dL | 138.2 (97.2, 198.5) | 99.2 (78.4, 127.1) | 204.7 (164.4, 276.0) | < 0.001 |
 TC, mg/dL | 157.2 ± 39.7 | 145.9 ± 35.0 | 170.4 ± 40.8 | < 0.001 |
 LDL-C, mg/dL | 94.2 ± 33.1 | 88.2 ± 30.5 | 101.1 ± 34.6 | < 0.001 |
 HDL-C, mg/dL | 36.9 ± 8.7 | 38.7 ± 9.3 | 34.8 ± 7.3 | < 0.001 |
 hs-CRP, mg/L | 1.6 (0.7, 4.1) | 1.3 (0.6, 4.2) | 1.9 (0.9, 3.9) | 0.009 |
 Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.655 |
 eGFR, mL/(min * 1.73 m2) | 96.5 ± 21.6 | 96.6 ± 21.3 | 96.5 ± 22.0 | 0.992 |
 Uric acid, μmol/L | 328.0 ± 75.6 | 322.2 ± 74.9 | 334.8 ± 75.9 | 0.019 |
 FBG, mg/dL | 127.7 (109.6, 157.0) | 115.4 (102.3, 133.1) | 149.9 (125.3, 177.8) | < 0.001 |
 HbA1c, % | 7.5 ± 1.3 | 7.1 ± 1.2 | 7.8 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
 TyG index | 9.1 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 9.7 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
 LVEF, % | 64.0 ± 6.6 | 64.0 ± 6.8 | 64.0 ± 6.4 | 0.986 |
Initial diagnosis, n (%) | 0.022 | |||
 UA | 650 (81.5) | 362 (84.4) | 288 (78.0) |  |
 NSTEMI | 148 (18.5) | 67 (15.6) | 81 (22.0) |  |
Pre-admission medication, n (%) | ||||
 ACEI | 79 (9.9) | 44 (10.3) | 35 (9.5) | 0.716 |
 ARB | 128 (16.0) | 66 (15.4) | 62 (16.8) | 0.586 |
 DAPT | 253 (31.7) | 136 (31.7) | 117 (31.7) | 0.999 |
 Aspirin | 427 (53.5) | 226 (52.7) | 201 (54.5) | 0.613 |
 Clopidogrel | 264 (33.1) | 141 (32.9) | 123 (33.3) | 0.889 |
 β-blocker | 166 (20.8) | 92 (21.4) | 74 (20.1) | 0.629 |
 Statins | 233 (29.2) | 127 (29.6) | 106 (28.7) | 0.786 |
 Proton pump inhibitor | 8 (1.0) | 4 (0.9) | 4 (1.1) | 0.830 |
 Oral hypoglycemic agents | 413 (51.8) | 220 (51.3) | 193 (52.3) | 0.773 |
 Metformin | 170 (21.3) | 101 (23.5) | 69 (18.7) | 0.096 |
 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor | 185 (23.2) | 100 (23.3) | 85 (23.0) | 0.927 |
 Sulfonylurea | 126 (15.8) | 67 (15.6) | 59 (16.0) | 0.886 |
 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor | 15 (1.9) | 7 (1.6) | 8 (2.2) | 0.578 |
 Insulin | 225 (28.2) | 109 (25.4) | 116 (31.4) | 0.059 |
Post-discharge medication, n (%) | ||||
 ACEI | 234 (29.3) | 114 (26.6) | 120 (32.5) | 0.066 |
 ARB | 384 (48.1) | 204 (47.6) | 180 (48.8) | 0.729 |
 DAPT | 796 (99.7) | 429 (100.0) | 367 (99.5) | 0.214 |
 DAPT interruption in 12 months | 12 (1.5) | 7 (1.6) | 5 (1.4) | 0.749 |
 Aspirin | 797 (99.9) | 429 (100.0) | 368 (99.7) | 0.462 |
 Clopidogrel | 797 (99.9) | 429 (100.0) | 368 (99.7) | 0.462 |
 β-blocker | 744 (93.2) | 400 (93.2) | 344 (93.2) | 0.993 |
 Statins | 787 (98.6) | 423 (98.6) | 364 (98.6) | 0.958 |
 Statins interruption in 12 months | 31 (3.9) | 14 (3.3) | 17 (4.6) | 0.327 |
 Proton pump inhibitor | 790 (99.0) | 426 (99.3) | 364 (98.6) | 0.568 |
 Oral hypoglycemic agents | 409 (51.3) | 217 (50.6) | 192 (52.0) | 0.683 |
 Metformin | 167 (20.9) | 98 (22.8) | 69 (18.7) | 0.151 |
 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor | 181 (22.7) | 97 (22.6) | 84 (22.8) | 0.959 |
 Sulfonylurea | 123 (15.4) | 64 (14.9) | 59 (16.0) | 0.676 |
 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor | 15 (1.9) | 7 (1.6) | 8 (2.2) | 0.578 |
 Insulin | 217 (27.2) | 104 (24.2) | 113 (30.6) | 0.043 |
Angiographic data | ||||
 LM disease, n (%) | 44 (5.5) | 19 (4.4) | 25 (6.8) | 0.148 |
 One-vessel disease, n (%) | 167 (20.9) | 92 (21.4) | 75 (20.3) | 0.698 |
 Two-vessel disease, n (%) | 287 (36.0) | 163 (38.0) | 124 (33.6) | 0.197 |
 Three-vessel disease, n (%) | 344 (43.1) | 174 (40.6) | 170 (46.1) | 0.117 |
 Chronic total occlusion, n (%) | 117 (14.7) | 55 (12.8) | 62 (16.8) | 0.113 |
 Diffuse lesion, n (%) | 237 (29.7) | 123 (28.7) | 114 (30.9) | 0.493 |
 Bifurcation lesion, n (%) | 186 (23.3) | 93 (21.7) | 93 (25.2) | 0.240 |
 In-stent restenosis, n (%) | 58 (7.3) | 28 (6.5) | 30 (8.1) | 0.384 |
 SYNTAX score | 12.0 ± 5.5 | 11.6 ± 5.5 | 12.6 ± 5.6 | 0.010 |
Procedural results | ||||
 Target vessel territory, n (%) | ||||
  LM | 25 (3.1) | 14 (3.3) | 11 (3.0) | 0.819 |
  LAD | 513 (64.3) | 274 (63.9) | 239 (64.8) | 0.791 |
  LCX | 335 (42.0) | 185 (43.1) | 150 (40.7) | 0.480 |
  RCA | 398 (49.9) | 211 (49.2) | 187 (50.7) | 0.674 |
 DES implantation, n (%) | 785 (98.4) | 425 (99.1) | 360 (97.6) | 0.163 |
 DCB use, n (%) | 15 (1.9) | 5 (1.2) | 10 (2.7) | 0.109 |
 Complete revascularization, n (%) | 414 (51.9) | 229 (53.4) | 185 (50.1) | 0.360 |
 Number of stents | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 0.700 |