Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the study participants according to Lp(a) categories
Variables | All patients | Lp (a) categories (mg/dL) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 2284) | < 10 | 10 ~ 30 | ≥30 | ||
|  | (n = 846) | (n = 769) | (n = 669) | ||
Clinical characteristics | |||||
 Age, years | 58.54 ± 10.47 | 57.99 ± 10.66 | 58.74 ± 10.61 | 59.00 ± 10.06 | 0.143 |
 Male, n (%) | 1674 (73.3) | 663 (78.4) | 550 (71.5) | 461 (68.9) | <0.001 |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 1589 (69.6) | 607 (71.8) | 529 (68.8) | 453 (67.8) | 0.199 |
 Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1817 (79.6) | 677 (80.1) | 612 (79.7) | 528 (79.0) | 0.885 |
 Current smokers, n (%) | 1312 (57.4) | 507 (59.9) | 445 (57.9) | 360 (53.8) | 0.052 |
 Family history of CAD, n (%) | 312 (13.7) | 103 (12.2) | 109 (14.2) | 100 (14.9) | 0.281 |
 Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.35 ± 3.15 | 26.64 ± 3.12 | 26.18 ± 3.27 | 26.19 ± 3.02 | 0.005 |
 SBP, mmHg | 128 ± 17 | 128 ± 17 | 128 ± 18 | 127 ± 16 | 0.288 |
 DBP, mmHg | 78 ± 16 | 78 ± 11 | 78 ± 22 | 77 ± 11 | 0.133 |
 Heart rate, bpm | 71 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 71 ± 11 | 0.163 |
Laboratory and clinical parameters | |||||
 FBG, mmol/L | 7.24 ± 2.31 | 7.33 ± 2.35 | 7.23 ± 2.34 | 7.12 ± 2.24 | 0.220 |
 HbA1c, % | 7.39 ± 1.26 | 7.35 ± 1.22 | 7.44 ± 1.29 | 7.38 ± 1.28 | 0.311 |
 TC, mmol/L | 4.08 ± 1.18 | 3.97 ± 1.21 | 4.02 ± 1.10 | 4.29 ± 1.20 | < 0.001 |
 HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.01 ± 0.27 | 1.00 ± 0.27 | 1.01 ± 0.26 | 1.03 ± 0.28 | 0.054 |
 LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.45 ± 0.97 | 2.28 ± 0.92 | 2.42 ± 0.90 | 2.69 ± 1.06 | < 0.001 |
 TG, mmol/L | 1.56 (1.17–2.20) | 1.65 (1.19–2.42) | 1.54 (1.16–2.14) | 1.48 (1.13–2.09) | < 0.001 |
 Lp (a), mg/dL | 15.01 (6.60–34.76) | 5.22 (3.32–7.33) | 17.19 (13.11–22.54) | 52.94 (38.85–79.41) | < 0.001 |
 ApoAI, g/L | 1.31 ± 0.30 | 1.32 ± 0.35 | 1.29 ± 0.26 | 1.31 ± 0.29 | 0.179 |
 ApoB, g/L | 0.92 ± 0.30 | 0.87 ± 0.29 | 0.90 ± 0.28 | 0.99 ± 0.31 | < 0.001 |
Diseased vessels, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.016 |
 One vessel | 430 (18.8) | 174 (20.6) | 151 (19.6) | 105 (15.7) |  |
 Two vessels | 677 (29.6) | 273 (32.3) | 218 (28.4) | 186 (27.8) |  |
 Multi-vessels | 1138 (49.8) | 382 (45.1) | 391 (50.8) | 365 (54.5) |  |
 LVEF, % | 62.3 ± 8.7 | 62.3 ± 8.8 | 62.3 ± 9.1 | 62.2 ± 8.2 | 0.971 |
Medications | |||||
 Aspirin, n (%) | 2227 (97.5) | 827 (97.7) | 753 (97.8) | 647 (96.8) | 0.418 |
 P2Y12 inhibitor, n (%) | 2040 (89.3) | 750 (88.6) | 703 (91.4) | 587 (87.8) | 0.070 |
 Statins, n (%) | 2133 (93.4) | 783 (92.7) | 730 (94.9) | 620 (92.7) | 0.150 |
 ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 1215 (53.2) | 453 (53.6) | 402 (52.3) | 360 (53.8) | 0.825 |
 β-blockers, n (%) | 1886 (82.6) | 711 (84.0) | 617 (80.2) | 558 (83.4) | 0.117 |
 CCB, n (%) | 875 (38.3) | 335 (39.6) | 295 (38.3) | 245 (36.7) | 0.513 |
Anti-diabetes treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.757 |
 Oral drugs | 1311 (57.4) | 488 (57.7) | 435 (56.6) | 388 (58.0) |  |
 Insulin | 726 (31.8) | 259 (30.6) | 254 (33.0) | 213 (31.9) |  |