Table 1 Characteristics of overall study patients and those stratified by the status of microvascular disease occurrence during the study follow-up
Variablea | All (n = 1705) | Without MVD (n = 533) | With MVD (n = 1172) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n or mean | % or SD | n or mean | % or SD | n or mean | % or SD | |
Males (%)b | 979 | (57.42) | 321 | (60.23) | 658 | (56.14) |
Age at index dateb | 53.14 | (12.23) | 49.98 | (13.44) | 54.57 | (11.36) |
Diabetes durationc | 6.45 | (3.77) | 5.75 | (3.86) | 6.77 | (3.69) |
Follow-up (years) | 1.99 | (2.09) | 4.01 | (1.97) | 1.07 | (1.37) |
Smoking status | 64 | (3.75) | 20 | (3.75) | 44 | (3.75) |
Biomarkerb | ||||||
 BMI (kg/m2) | 25.88 | (4.12) | 25.68 | (4.07) | 25.96 | (4.14) |
 Smoking status | 64 | (3.75) | 20 | (3.75) | 44 | (3.75) |
 Mean HDL (mg/dL) | 50.31 | (13.45) | 51.25 | (13.81) | 49.90 | (13.27) |
 Mean LDL (mg/dL) | 105.94 | (25.61) | 108.35 | (25.62) | 104.93 | (25.56) |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 133.44 | (15.61) | 130.10 | (16.06) | 134.60 | (15.32) |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 171.50 | (30.79) | 173.57 | (31.30) | 170.60 | (30.53) |
 ACR (mg/g) | 234.06 | (768.93) | 49.34 | (211.20) | 306.27 | (886.91) |
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.97 | (1.86) | 13.55 | (1.68) | 12.77 | (1.87) |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 74.08 | (19.56) | 82.18 | (10.57) | 70.59 | (21.42) |
 WBC (103/μL) | 7.50 | (2.39) | 7.30 | (2.67) | 7.57 | (2.28) |
Comorbidity/complicationd | ||||||
 Previous CVD events (%) | 380 | (22.29) | 125 | (23.45) | 255 | (21.76) |
 Previous MVD events (%) | 1348 | (79.06) | 343 | (64.35) | 1005 | (85.75) |
 Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 50 | (2.93) | 7 | (1.31) | 43 | (3.67) |
 Atrial fibrillation (%) | 96 | (5.63) | 21 | (3.94) | 75 | (6.40) |
 History of amputation (%) | 3 | (0.18) | 2 | (0.38) | 1 | (0.09) |
Diabetes and CVD-related medication | ||||||
 Metformin (%) | 1148 | (67.33) | 359 | (67.35) | 789 | (67.32) |
 Sulfonylurea (%) | 1106 | (64.87) | 311 | (58.35) | 795 | (67.83) |
 Meglitinide (%) | 113 | (6.63) | 23 | (4.32) | 90 | (7.68) |
 Acarbose (%) | 172 | (10.09) | 39 | (7.32) | 133 | (11.35) |
 TZD (%) | 191 | (11.20) | 46 | (8.63) | 145 | (12.37) |
 DPP-4i (%) | 336 | (19.71) | 72 | (13.51) | 264 | (22.53) |
 Insulin (%) | 191 | (11.20) | 59 | (11.06) | 132 | (11.26) |
 Anticoagulants (%) | 21 | (1.23) | 8 | (1.50) | 13 | (1.11) |
 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (%) | 817 | (47.92) | 179 | (33.58) | 638 | (54.44) |
HbA1c variability and mean measureb | ||||||
 HbA1c-SD (%) | 0.84 | (0.73) | 0.82 | (0.65) | 0.85 | (0.75) |
 HbA1c-SD (mmol/mol) | 9.20 | (8.00) | 9.00 | (7.10) | 9.30 | (8.20) |
 HbA1c-CV | 0.11 | (0.08) | 0.10 | (0.07) | 0.11 | (0.08) |
 HSV | 40.63 | (32.78) | 40.56 | (33.80) | 40.66 | (32.39) |
 HbA1c-meanoverall (%) | 7.73 | (1.30) | 7.72 | (1.40) | 7.73 | (1.26) |
 HbA1c-meanoverall (mmol/mol) | 61 | (14.20) | 61 | (15.30) | 61 | (13.80) |
 HbA1c-meanyearly (%) | ||||||
  1st year | 7.79 | (1.40) | 7.75 | (1.48) | 7.80 | (1.37) |
  2nd year | 7.62 | (1.35) | 7.52 | (1.32) | 7.66 | (1.35) |
  3rd year | 7.62 | (1.44) | 7.46 | (1.27) | 7.68 | (1.50) |
  4th year | 7.54 | (1.29) | 7.43 | (1.14) | 7.58 | (1.33) |
  5th year | 7.61 | (1.28) | 7.50 | (1.20) | 7.65 | (1.31) |
 HbA1c-meanyearly (mmol/mol) | ||||||
  1st year | 62 | (15.30) | 61 | (16.20) | 62 | (15.00) |
  2nd year | 60 | (14.80) | 59 | (14.40) | 60 | (14.80) |
  3rd year | 60 | (15.70) | 58 | (13.90) | 60 | (16.40) |
  4th year | 59 | (14.10) | 58 | (12.50) | 59 | (14.50) |
  5th year | 60 | (14.00) | 58 | (13.10) | 60 | (14.30) |
 HbA1c-index (%) | 8.03 | (1.83) | 8.02 | (1.97) | 8.03 | (1.77) |
 HbA1c-index (mmol/mol) | 64 | (20.00) | 64 | (21.50) | 64 | (19.30) |