Table 4 Protective effects of SGLT2i on the cardiovascular system
Action | Mechanism |
|---|---|
Direct effects | Inhibit myocardial Na+/H+ exchange |
Improve myocardial metabolism | |
Reduce cardiac preload | |
Reduce afterload | |
Reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve myocardial fibrosis | |
Reduce the synthesis of adipokines, cytokines and epicardial adipose tissue | |
Attenuate sympathetic nerve activity | |
Indirect effects | Improve blood glucose |
Promote weight loss | |
Lower blood pressure | |
Reduce proteinuria, delaying the progression of renal disease |