Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Korean cohort study

Lee, Hyeok-Hee; Cho, Yongin; Choi, Young Ju; Huh, Byung Wook; Lee, Byung-Wan; Kang, Eun Seok; Park, Seok Won; Cha, Bong-Soo; Lee, Eun Jig; Lee, Yong-ho; Huh, Kap Bum

doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01064-x

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

From: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Korean cohort study

Study population	No steatosis	Steatosis only	Steatosis with fibrosis	p value
N = 1120	N = 484	N = 414	N = 222	p value
Age, years	55.4 ± 9.4	52.4 ± 9.7^a	59.8 ± 7.8^ab	< 0.001
Male, n (%)	216 (44.6%)	211 (51.0%)	104 (46.8%)	0.163
Weight, kg	61.1 ± 9.4	68.8 ± 11.8^a	68.8 ± 10.7^a	< 0.001
Height, cm	162.1 ± 8.6	163.6 ± 8.9^a	162.4 ± 8.5	0.033
BMI, kg/m²	23.2 ± 2.8	25.6 ± 3.0^a	26.1 ± 3.2^a	< 0.001
Waist Circumference, cm	79.2 ± 7.5	85.8 ± 8.0^a	87.2 ± 7.8^a	< 0.001
Metabolic Syndrome, n/total n (%)	174/466 (37.3%)	282/404 (69.8%)	150/221 (67.9%)	< 0.001
Regular alcohol consumption, n/total n (%)	182/437 (41.6%)	183/392 (46.7%)	70/204 (34.3%)	0.014
Smoking, ever, n/total n (%)	166/420 (39.5%)	174/384 (45.3%)	70/194 (36.1%)	0.072
Regular exercise, n/total n (%)	135/383 (35.2%)	172/360 (47.8%)	78/187 (41.7%)	0.002
Hypertension, n (%)	130 (26.9%)	135 (32.6%)	97 (43.7%)	< 0.001
SBP, mmHg	131.1 ± 16.7	135.0 ± 16.9^a	138.3 ± 16.4^a	< 0.001
DBP, mmHg	84.3 ± 10.6	88.3 ± 11.2^a	87.4 ± 10.6^a	< 0.001
Duration of diabetes, years	7.2 ± 6.9	5.5 ± 5.3^a	6.1 ± 5.5	< 0.001
HbA1c, %	8.3 ± 2.1	8.7 ± 1.9^a	8.0 ± 1.6^b	< 0.001
HbA1c, mmol/mol	67.0 ± 23.0	72.0 ± 20.8^a	64.0 ± 17.5^b	< 0.001
KITT, %/min	2.4 ± 1.0	1.9 ± 0.8^a	1.8 ± 0.7^a	< 0.001
Total Cholesterol, mg/dL	188.6 ± 38.5	201.8 ± 45.1^a	197.7 ± 39.3^a	< 0.001
Triglyceride, mg/dL	115.7 ± 63.3	172.3 ± 140.0^a	157.7 ± 89.2^a	< 0.001
HDL-C, mg/dL	54.2 ± 14.8	48.4 ± 12.2^a	50.6 ± 12.8^a	< 0.001
LDL-C, mg/dL	110.1 ± 32.3	118.9 ± 35.7^a	113.6 ± 35.3	0.002
BUN, mg/dL	17.5 ± 7.3	16.9 ± 5.0	18.7 ± 8.2^b	0.005
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.8 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.2^a	0.007
eGFR (MDRD), mL/min/1.73 m²	94.5 ± 30.9	93.0 ± 28.0	88.0 ± 27.4^a	0.022
Total Bilirubin, mg/dL	0.9 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.5^ab	0.002
AST, IU/L	25.0 ± 12.6	24.4 ± 8.0	36.7 ± 17.6^ab	< 0.001
ALT, IU/L	23.6 ± 15.9	30.5 ± 14.9^a	37.0 ± 25.2^ab	< 0.001
Total Protein, mg/dL	7.3 ± 0.4	7.3 ± 0.4	7.4 ± 0.5^ab	0.006
Albumin, mg/dL	4.3 ± 0.4	4.4 ± 0.3	4.4 ± 0.3	0.068
Platelet,/uL	210.7 ± 59.2	240.0 ± 53.4^a	183.3 ± 38.6^ab	< 0.001
Insulin use, n (%)	47 (9.7%)	24 (5.8%)	15 (6.8%)	0.076
SU use, n (%)	240 (49.6%)	191 (46.1%)	140 (63.1%)	< 0.001
Metformin use, n (%)	172 (35.5%)	156 (37.7%)	93 (41.9%)	0.270
TZD use, n (%)	57 (11.8%)	25 (6.0%)	21 (9.5%)	0.012
Statin use, n (%)	63 (13.0%)	53 (12.8%)	25 (11.3%)	0.797
Aspirin use, n (%)	62 (12.8%)	58 (14.0%)	35 (15.8%)	0.568
Carotid IMT, mm	0.75 ± 0.15	0.76 ± 0.15	0.81 ± 0.14^ab	< 0.001
Presence of plaque, n (%)	153 (31.6%)	127 (30.7%)	80 (36.0%)	0.365

Variables are shown as mean ± SD or n (%). ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IMT, intima-media thickness; KITT, rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease equation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione
^ap values < 0.05 versus no steatosis
^bp values < 0.05 versus steatosis only

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ISSN: 1475-2840

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