Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of DCM patients

Clinical data

 Age (years)

59 ± 17

62 ± 16

58 ± 18

0.10

 Female, n (%)

64 (31)

15 (28)

49 (33)

0.50

 Body surface area (m²)

1.6 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

0.82

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

109 ± 20

107 ± 18

110 ± 21

0.36

 Heart rate (bpm)

68 ± 16

69 ± 16

69 ± 17

0.21

 NYHA functional class ≥ III, n (%)

42 (20)

14 (26)

28 (19)

0.33

 T2DM, n (%)

55 (27)

55 (100)

0 (0)

–

 Hypertension, n (%)

40 (19)

10 (18)

30 (20)

0.84

 Dyslipidemia, n (%)

58 (28)

21 (38)

37 (25)

0.06

Electrocardiogram

 Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

28 (14)

8 (15)

20 (13)

1.0

 QRS duration (msec)

113 ± 23

116 ± 22

112 ± 23

0.24

Blood examination

 HbA1c (%)

6.0 ± 0.8

6.9 ± 0.9

5.7 ± 0.4

<0.0001

 BNP (pg/dL)

121 (112–555)

98 (54–212)

127 (54–240)

0.28

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

62 ± 19

58 ± 17

63 ± 19

0.08

Medical treatment (for DCM), n (%)

 ACEI/ARB

200 (97)

53 (96)

147 (97)

1.0

 β-blocker

202 (98)

54 (98)

148 (98)

1.0

 MRA

99 (48)

29 (53)

70 (46)

0.43

 Loop diuretics

109 (53)

35 (64)

74 (49)

0.08

Medical treatment (for T2DM), n (%)

 Insulin

5 (2)

5 (9)

–

–

 DPP-4 inhibitor

33 (16)

33 (60)

–

–

 GLP-1RA

3 (1)

3 (6)

–

–

 Sulfonylurea

8 (4)

8 (15)

–

–

 α-GI

6 (3)

6 (11)

–

–

 Thiazolidine

2 (1)

2 (4)

–

–

 Metformin

33 (16)

33 (60)

–

–

 SGLT2 inhibitor

8 (4)

8 (15)

–

–

Echocardiography

 LV end-diastolic volume (mL)

171 ± 56

173 ± 56

170 ± 56

0.79

 LV end-systolic volume (mL)

120 ± 48

123 ± 47

119 ± 49

0.56

 LV ejection fraction (%)

31 ± 8

30 ± 8

31 ± 8

0.19

 Left atrial volume index (mL/m²)

51 ± 20

51 ± 25

51 ± 18

0.89

 LV mass index (g/m²)

128 ± 37

122 ± 32

131 ± 38

0.15

 E/e’

14.3 ± 7.9

14.7 ± 7.5

14.1 ± 8.0

0.62

 MR ≥ moderate, n (%)

66 (32)

22 (40)

44 (29)

0.13

 GLS (%)

7.6 ± 2.0

7.0 ± 2.0

7.8 ± 2.2

0.03