Table 1 Baseline characteristics of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) before propensity score-based stabilized weights
|  | NOACs | NOACs (A + D+R + E) (n = 20,967) | Warfarin (n = 5812) | ASMD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apixaban n = 3249 | Dabigatran n = 6531 | Edoxaban n = 1389 | Rivaroxaban n = 9798 | NOACs | |||
Vs. | |||||||
Warfarin | |||||||
Age | |||||||
 (Mean ± STD) | 76 ± 9.7 | 74 ± 9.7 | 75.4 ± 9.7 | 75.5 ± 9.7 | 75.1 ± 9.8 | 72.5 ± 11.6 | 0.2406 |
 < 65 | 428 (13.2%) | 1114 (17.1%) | 196 (14.1%) | 1345 (13.7%) | 3083 (14.7%) | 1664 (28.6%) | 0.3470 |
 65–74 | 976 (30%) | 2229 (34.1%) | 427 (30.7%) | 3033 (31%) | 6665 (31.8%) | 1446 (24.9%) |  |
 75–84 | 1210 (37.2%) | 2354 (36%) | 539 (38.8%) | 3766 (38.4%) | 7869 (37.5%) | 1848 (31.8%) |  |
 > 85 | 635 (19.5%) | 834 (12.8%) | 227 (16.3%) | 1654 (16.9%) | 3350 (16%) | 854 (14.7%) |  |
Male | 1704 (52.5%) | 3800 (58.2%) | 756 (54.4%) | 5045 (51.5%) | 11,305 (53.9%) | 3080 (53%) | 0.0185 |
CHA2DS2-VASc (mean ± STD) | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 4.4 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 4.6 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.6 | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 0.1890 |
HAS-BLED (mean ± STD) | 3.2 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1 | 3.1 ± 1 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 0.2299 |
Hypertension | 2697 (83%) | 5206 (79.7%) | 1164 (83.8%) | 7922 (80.9%) | 16,989 (81%) | 4446 (76.5%) | 0.1109 |
Dyslipidemia | 2200 (67.7%) | 4102 (62.8%) | 1011 (72.8%) | 6425 (65.6%) | 13,738 (65.5%) | 3409 (58.7%) | 0.1419 |
Chronic live disease | 455 (14%) | 834 (12.8%) | 219 (15.8%) | 1345 (13.7%) | 2853 (13.6%) | 779 (13.4%) | 0.0060 |
Chronic kidney disease | 880 (27.1%) | 1164 (17.8%) | 425 (30.6%) | 2295 (23.4%) | 4764 (22.7%) | 1371 (23.6%) | 0.0206 |
Chronic lung disease | 413 (12.7%) | 739 (11.3%) | 165 (11.9%) | 1389 (14.2%) | 2706 (12.9%) | 792 (13.6%) | 0.0213 |
Gout | 719 (22.1%) | 1166 (17.9%) | 328 (23.6%) | 1994 (20.4%) | 4207 (20.1%) | 1113 (19.2%) | 0.0230 |
Congestive heart failure | 438 (13.5%) | 684 (10.5%) | 175 (12.6%) | 1324 (13.5%) | 2621 (12.5%) | 919 (15.8%) | 0.0951 |
Chronic ischemic heart disease | 498 (15.3%) | 764 (11.7%) | 210 (15.1%) | 1437 (14.7%) | 2909 (13.9%) | 844 (14.5%) | 0.0186 |
Peripheral artery disease | 296 (9.1%) | 616 (9.4%) | 132 (9.5%) | 959 (9.8%) | 2003 (9.6%) | 544 (9.4%) | 0.0066 |
Stroke | 730 (22.5%) | 1597 (24.5%) | 205 (14.8%) | 2259 (23.1%) | 4791 (22.9%) | 1034 (17.8%) | 0.1260 |
Malignancy | 370 (11.4%) | 573 (8.8%) | 165 (11.9%) | 1059 (10.8%) | 2167 (10.3%) | 574 (9.9%) | 0.0152 |
PCI | 330 (10.2%) | 417 (6.4%) | 149 (10.7%) | 868 (8.9%) | 1764 (8.4%) | 510 (8.8%) | 0.0129 |
CABG | 31 (1%) | 25 (0.4%) | 10 (0.7%) | 71 (0.7%) | 137 (0.7%) | 90 (1.6%) | 0.0859 |
History of bleeding | 74 (2.3%) | 117 (1.8%) | 24 (1.7%) | 222 (2.3%) | 437 (2.1%) | 148 (2.6%) | 0.0307 |
Use of NSAIDs | 918 (28.3%) | 1551 (23.8%) | 389 (28%) | 2581 (26.3%) | 5439 (25.9%) | 1546 (26.6%) | 0.0150 |
Use of PPI | 451 (13.9%) | 622 (9.5%) | 174 (12.5%) | 1187 (12.1%) | 2434 (11.6%) | 887 (15.3%) | 0.1073 |
Use of H2 blocker | 1132 (34.8%) | 2068 (31.7%) | 463 (33.3%) | 3201 (32.7%) | 6864 (32.7%) | 2069 (35.6%) | 0.0604 |
Use of ACEI/ARB | 2205 (67.9%) | 4470 (68.4%) | 955 (68.8%) | 6731 (68.7%) | 14,361 (68.5%) | 3984 (68.6%) | 0.0012 |
Use of beta-blocker | 2031 (62.5%) | 3769 (57.7%) | 925 (66.6%) | 5939 (60.6%) | 12,664 (60.4%) | 3754 (64.6%) | 0.0866 |
Use of verapamil or diltiazem | 824 (25.4%) | 1505 (23%) | 260 (18.7%) | 2551 (26%) | 5140 (24.5%) | 1666 (28.7%) | 0.0940 |
Use of statin | 1600 (49.3%) | 2907 (44.5%) | 701 (50.5%) | 4574 (46.7%) | 9782 (46.7%) | 2263 (38.9%) | 0.1564 |
Use of APT | 480 (14.8%) | 1383 (21.2%) | 140 (10.1%) | 1926 (19.7%) | 3929 (18.7%) | 2063 (35.5%) | 0.3838 |
Use of metformin | 1503 (46.3%) | 3320 (50.8%) | 584 (42%) | 4488 (45.8%) | 9895 (47.2%) | 2567 (44.2%) | 0.0608 |
Use of SU | 1214 (37.4%) | 2675 (41%) | 454 (32.7%) | 3574 (36.5%) | 7917 (37.8%) | 2312 (39.8%) | 0.0415 |
Use of glinide | 293 (9%) | 498 (7.6%) | 99 (7.1%) | 846 (8.6%) | 1736 (8.3%) | 714 (12.3%) | 0.1321 |
Use of acarbose | 323 (9.9%) | 654 (10%) | 111 (8%) | 924 (9.4%) | 2012 (9.6%) | 645 (11.1%) | 0.0493 |
Use of glitazone | 185 (5.7%) | 381 (5.8%) | 68 (4.9%) | 463 (4.7%) | 1097 (5.2%) | 320 (5.5%) | 0.0121 |
Use of insulin | 927 (28.5%) | 1388 (21.3%) | 305 (22%) | 2601 (26.6%) | 5221 (24.9%) | 2008 (34.6%) | 0.2123 |
Use of SGLT2i | 63 (1.9%) | 54 (0.8%) | 48 (3.5%) | 106 (1.1%) | 271 (1.3%) | 20 (0.3%) | 0.1054 |