Table 1 The basic clinical features of the COVID-19 patients according to the severity
From: Association of the insulin resistance marker TyG index with the severity and mortality of COVID-19
Total (N = 151) | Mild cases (N = 89) | Severe cases N = 62) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD, years | 59.5 ± 15.9 | 53.9 ± 16.2 | 67.6 ± 11.6 | 0.000 |
Sex, No. (%) | ||||
Male | 78 (51.7%) | 38 (42.7%) | 40 (64.5%) | 0.008 |
Female | 73 (48.3%) | 51 (57.3%) | 22 (35.5%) | |
Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
Diabetes | 39 (25.8%) | 16 (18.0%) | 23 (37.1%) | 0.008 |
Hypertension | 60 (39.7%) | 25 (28.1%) | 35 (56.5%) | 0.000 |
Cardiovascular disease | 16 (10.6%) | 7 (7.9%) | 9 (14.5%) | 0.191 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (4.6%) | 2 (2.2%) | 5 (8.1%) | 0.094 |
Chronic kidney disease | 11 (7.3%) | 5 (5.6%) | 6 (9.7%) | 0.345 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0.796 |
Chronic liver disease | 3 (2.0%) | 2 (2.2%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0.783 |
Signs and symptoms | ||||
Fever, No. (%) | 134 (88.7%) | 79 (88.8%) | 55 (88.7%) | 0.992 |
Cough, No. (%) | 104 (68.9%) | 58 (65.2%) | 46 (74.2%) | 0.239 |
Expectoration, No. (%) | 61 (40.4%) | 37 (41.6%) | 24 (38.7%) | 0.724 |
Dyspnea, No. (%) | 78 (51.7%) | 38 (42.7%) | 40 (64.5%) | 0.008 |
Pectoralgia, No. (%) | 11 (7.3%) | 7 (7.9%) | 4 (6.5%) | 0.742 |
Diarrhoea, No. (%) | 54 (35.8%) | 34 (38.2%) | 20 (32.3%) | 0.453 |
Nausea, No. (%) | 24 (15.9%) | 16 (18.0%) | 8 (12.9%) | 0.401 |
Vomiting, No. (%) | 10 (6.6%) | 6 (6.7%) | 4 (6.5%) | 0.944 |
Anorexia, No. (%) | 57 (37.7%) | 27 (30.3%) | 30 (48.4%) | 0.024 |
Headache, No. (%) | 28 (18.5%) | 14 (15.7%) | 14 (22.6%) | 0.287 |
Fatigue, No. (%) | 85 (56.3%) | 44 (49.4%) | 41 (66.1%) | 0.042 |
Tmax, mean ± SD, °C | 38.5 ± 0.7 | 38.5 ± 0.7 | 38.7 ± 0.7 | 0.148 |
Respiratory rate, mean ± SD, bpm | 23 ± 5 | 21 ± 4 | 26 ± 6 | 0.000 |
Heart rate, mean ± SD, bpm | 92 ± 18 | 90 ± 16 | 94 ± 20 | 0.172 |
Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD, mmHg | 133 ± 20 | 129 ± 18 | 138 ± 20 | 0.007 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean ± SD, mmHg | 82 ± 13 | 82 ± 12 | 81 ± 14 | 0.531 |
Auxiliary ventilation, No. (%) | 46 (30.5%) | 0 | 46 (74.2%) | 0.000 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation, No. (%) | 15 (9.9%) | 0 | 15 (24.2%) | 0.000 |
Mortality, No. (%) | 33 (22.0%) | 0 | 33 (54.1%) | 0.000 |