Table 4 Summary showing which studies reported significant and non-significant associations between carotid disease and retinopathy
From: The relationship between carotid disease and retinopathy in diabetes: a systematic review
Carotid disease variable | Any diabetic retinopathy | Other diabetic retinopathy | |
|---|---|---|---|
CCA IMT | Non-significant | Alonso [28] Cardoso [29] Distiller [31] Yun [10] Araszkiewicz [30] | Alonso [28]—DR severity Cardoso [23]— new or worsening DR |
Significant | Liu [34] Jung [27] | Ichinohasama [8]—mild NPDR | |
Other IMT | Non-significant | Alonso [28]—BIF Cardoso [29]—ICA & BIF | Alonso [28]—ICA & BIF, DR severity Cardoso [23] —ICA & BIF, new or worsening DR |
Significant | Alonso [28]—ICA Rema [9]—Mean IMT | ||
Plaque/Stenosis | Non-significant | Hjelmgren [32] Carbonell [7] Jung [27] Yun [10] | Alonso [28]—DR severity Cardoso [23]—new or worsening DR |
Significant | Liu [34] Alonso [28] Lacroix [33] Distiller [31] Cardoso [29] | Carbonell [7]—advanced DR | |
Other | Non-significant | Distiller [31]—IMT risk | |
Significant | Liu [34]—any plaque and/or CCA IMT > 1 mm Son [10]—any plaque and/or CCA IMT > 0.9 mm | ||