Positive effect of dapagliflozin on left ventricular longitudinal function for type 2 diabetic mellitus patients with chronic heart failure

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients

Clinical characteristics
Age, years	68 (60–73)
Gender (female), n (%)	21 (38)
Body mass index, kg/m²	25.9 ± 5.1
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	130 ± 16
BNP, pg/mL	27.9 (9.0–58.2)
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²	70.6 ± 17.0
HbA1c, %	7.2 ± 0.8
HF classification, n (%)
HFpEF	37 (69)
HFrEF	7 (13)
HFmrEF	9 (17)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension	43 (81)
Dyslipidemia	42 (79)
Cardiovascular event	12 (21)
Medications, n (%)
CCB	19 (36)
ACEI/ARB	42 (79)
β-Blocker	27 (51)
Diuretics	10 (19)
Statin	37 (70)
Antidiabetic drugs
DPP-4I	40 (75)
GLP-1 RA	1 (2)
SU	11 (21)
α-GI	9 (17)
Thiazolidinedione	11 (21)
Metformin	14 (26)
Echocardiographic parameters
LV end-diastolic volume, mL	74.2 (55.1–104.1)
LV end-systolic volume, mL	24.7 (17.0–54.5)
LVEF, %	62.3 (49.3–68.3)
LVMI, g/m²	75.0 (61.7–92.0)
LAVI, mL/m²	31 (23–45)
E/e′	9.3 (7.7–11.8)

Data are mean ± SD for normally distributed data and median and interquartile range for non-normally distributed data, or n (%)
DM diabetes mellitus, BNP plasma brain natriuretic peptide, HF heart failure with preserved ejection fracti, HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fracti, HFm heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, CCB calcium channel block, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibit, ARB angiotensin II receptor block, DPP-4I Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibit, GLP-1 RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors agonists, SU Sulfonylureas, α-GI α-glucosidase inhibitors, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVMI left ventricular mass index, LAVI left atrial volume index, E peak early diastolic mitral flow velocity, e′ Spectral pulsed-wave Doppler-derived early diastolic velocity from the septal mitral annulus

ISSN: 1475-2840