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Table 2 Comparison of variables between high and low GV groups

From: Association of glycemic variability with left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Variables

High GV group (n = 43)

Low GV group (n = 57)

p value

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

61.2 ± 15.0

59.4 ± 13.1

0.53

 Gender (female), n (%)

19 (44)

26 (46)

0.89

 DM duration, years

12 (0.5–42)

8 (0.1–34)

0.04

 Body weight, kg

63.7 ± 13.4

69.6 ± 17.0

0.07

 BSA, m2

1.67 ± 0.19

1.73 ± 0.24

0.15

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

131 ± 21

128 ± 17

0.44

 Heart rate, bpm

72 ± 10

76 ± 10

0.05

 BUN, mg/dL

16.5 ± 5.8

15.0 ± 5.6

0.20

 Creatinine, mg/dL

0.93 ± 0.45

0.80 ± 0.40

0.13

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

66.2 ± 22.8

78.8 ± 25.9

0.01

 HbA1c, %

8.7 ± 1.9

8.3 ± 2.0

0.23

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

26 (60)

32 (56)

0.67

 Dyslipidemia

25 (58)

38 (67)

0.39

Anti-hypertensive drugs, n (%)

 Calcium channel blockers

22 (37)

16 (39)

0.89

 ACE inhibitor/ARB

32 (56)

22 (51)

0.63

 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

1 (2)

0 (0)

0.25

Anti-diabetic drugs, n (%)

 DPP-4 inhibitor

20 (47)

31 (54)

0.44

 GLP-1 RA

3 (7)

8 (14)

0.27

 SU

15 (35)

12 (23)

0.19

 α-GI

10 (23)

13 (23)

0.96

 Thiazalidine

2 (5)

6 (11)

0.29

 Metformin

18 (42)

39 (68)

0.007

 SGLT2 inhibitor

0 (0)

3 (5)

0.13

Echocardiographic parameters

 LV end-diastolic volume, mL

76.1 ± 23.4

75.9 ± 20.9

0.97

 LV end-systolic volume, mL

25.9 ± 11.3

27.5 ± 10.2

0.48

 LVEF, %

66.8 ± 5.4

64.8 ± 4.3

0.04

 LVMI, g/m2

81.7 ± 19.4

78.5 ± 18.5

0.41

 LAVI, mL/m2

31.4 ± 8.8

29.2 ± 7.1

0.17

 e’, cm/s

5.9 ± 1.8

6.2 ± 1.5

0.44

 E/e’

11.3 ± 3.9

9.8 ± 2.8

0.03

Trans-mitral flow

 E, cm/s

61.1 ± 12.8

58.1 ± 14.2

0.28

 DcT, msec

210 ± 49

205 ± 55

0.59

 E/A

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.3

0.75

Pulmonary venous flow

 S, cm/s

67.2 ± 16.8

64.0 ± 15.3

0.36

 D, cm/s

43.3 ± 8.4

40.0 ± 7.3

0.04

 S/D

1.6 ± 0.4

1.6 ± 0.7

0.65

 A, cm/s

42.5 ± 24.9

34.8 ± 13.8

0.07

  1. Values are mean ± SD for normally distributed data and median and interquartile range for non-normally distributed data, or n (%)
  2. Assessment of pulmonary venous flow was available in 40 patients (High GV group) and 50 patients (Low GV group)
  3. GV glycemic viability
  4. All other abbreviation as in Table 1
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840