Prospective study of hemoglobin A1c and incident carotid artery plaque in Chinese adults without diabetes

Table 3 Adjusted hazardous ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risks of incident diabetes across different HbA1c groups during 5-year follow up: sensitivity analyses

	Model	HbA1c groups			Each percent of HbA1c	p trend
	Model	≤ 5.6%	5.7–6.4%	≥ 6.5%	Each percent of HbA1c	p trend
Sensitivity-1	n	12,562	4083	218	–	–
	CAP case	1947	1951	44	–	–
	Multivariate adjusted	Ref	3.01 (2.81, 3.23)	1.42 (1.04, 1.95)	2.94 (2.67, 3.22)	< 0.001
Sensitivity-2	n	12,636	2959	119	–	–
	CAP case	2649	921	50	–	–
	Multivariate adjusted	Ref	1.25 (1.14, 1.36)	1.49 (1.1, 2.03)	1.42 (1.24, 1.63)	< 0.001
Sensitivity-3	n	12,722	3023	124	–	–
	CAP case	2698	968	53	–	–
	Multivariate adjusted	Ref	1.27 (1.17, 1.39)	1.54 (1.14, 2.08)	1.47 (1.29, 1.68)	< 0.001
Sensitivity-4	n	13,417	3296	150	–	–
	CAP case	2835	1044	63	–	–
	Multivariate adjusted	Ref	1.26 (1.16, 1.37)	1.52 (1.16, 2.01)	1.44 (1.27, 1.64)	< 0.001
Sensitivity-5^a	n	1135	1247	1064	–	–
	CAP case	315	404	388	–	–
	Multivariate adjusted	Ref	1.12 (0.96, 1.3)	1.24 (1.05, 1.46)	1.61 (1.08, 2.39)	0.02

Adjusting age (year), sex, and BMI (kg/m²), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), total cholesterol (mmol/L), triglyceride (mmol/L), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L), eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²), fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) at baseline
Sensitivity-1: cumulative average of HbA1c during 2014–2019 was used as the exposure
Sensitivity-2: excluding those with high concentration of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (≥ 3 mg/L) at baseline (n = 1149)
Sensitivity-3: excluding those with high level of white blood cell (≥ 9.0 × 10⁹/L) at baseline (n = 994)
Sensitivity-4: excluding those with high fasting blood glucose (≥ 5.6 mmol/L) at baseline (n = 2001)
Sensitivity-5: excluding those with normal level of HbA1c at baseline (n = 13,417)
^aTertiled by baseline HbA1c

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