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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and medical history by hHF during the trial

From: Heart failure with insulin degludec versus glargine U100 in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular disease: DEVOTE 14

 

hHF during trial, n = 372

No hHF during trial, n = 7265

p-value

Age, years

65.8 (± 8.1)

64.9 (± 7.3)

0.022

Male, n (%)

222 (59.7)

4556 (62.7)

NS

Region, n (% from North America)

299 (80.4)

4972 (68.4)

0.0001

Established CVD/CKD ≥ 50 years, n (%)

349 (93.8)

6160 (84.8)

< 0.0001

Hepatic impairment, n (%)

37 (9.9)

159 (2.2)

< 0.0001

Current smoker, n (%)

40 (10.8)

812 (11.2)

NS

Insulin naïve, n (%)

36 (9.7)

1192 (16.4)

0.0006

A1C, %

8.6 (± 1.8)

8.4 (± 1.6)

NS

FPG, mmol/L

9.8 (± 4.5)

9.5 (± 3.9)

NS

Duration of diabetes, years

17.6 (± 9.1)

16.4 (± 8.9)

0.006

BMI, kg/m2

35.5 (± 7.3)

33.5 (± 6.8)

< 0.001

Body weight, kg

101.2 (± 23.8)

95.8 (± 22.8)

< 0.001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

59.0 (± 22.6)

68.4 (± 21.4)

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

137.1 (± 21.2)

135.5 (± 17.9)

NS

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

75.1 (± 12.4)

76.2 (± 10.3)

0.039

Pulse, beats/min

73.2 (11.6)

73.1 (11.3)

–

Prior heart failure, n (%)

219 (58.9)

1115 (15.3)

–

Prior myocardial infarction, n (%)

182 (48.9)

2424 (33.4)

–

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

97 (26.1)

627 (8.6)

–

Macular edema, n (%)

5 (1.3)

24 (0.3)

–

Proteinuria (microalbuminuria and gross proteinuria), n (%)

107 (28.8)

1710 (23.5)

–

Insulin, n (%)

 Long acting

241 (64.8)

4356 (60.0)b

–

 Intermediate actinga

59 (15.9)

1015 (14.0)b

–

 Bolus

186 (50.0)

2645 (36.4)b

–

 Premix

46 (12.4)

736 (10.1)b

–

Antihypertensive therapy, n (%)

 Beta-blockers

279 (75.0)

4121 (56.7)c

–

 Calcium channel blockers

136 (36.6)

2322 (32.0)c

–

 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

163 (43.8)

3464 (47.7)c

–

 Angiotensin receptor blockers

139 (37.4)

2416 (33.3)c

–

 Others

62 (16.7)

715 (9.8)c

–

Diuretics, n (%)

 Loop diuretics

226 (60.8)

1512 (20.8)c

–

 Thiazides

68 (18.3)

1674 (23.0)c

–

 Others

95 (25.5)

976 (13.4)c

–

Lipid-modifying medications, n (%)

 Statins

297 (79.8)

5705 (78.5)c

–

 Fibrates

44 (11.8)

807 (11.1)c

–

 Ezetimibe

18 (4.8)

328 (4.5)c

–

 Others

11 (3.0)

257 (3.5)c

–

Platelet aggregation inhibitors, n (%)

 Acetylsalicylic acid

253 (68.0)

4739 (65.2)c

–

 Others

108 (29.0)

1689 (23.2)c

–

Anti-thrombotic medication, n (%)

78 (21.0)

519 (7.1)c

–

  1. Values are mean (± SD), unless otherwise stated
  2. Hepatic impairment defined as having a score of > 2 on a modified Child–Pugh criteria scale using only bilirubin and albumin values
  3. A1C glycosylated hemoglobin, BMI body mass index, CKD chronic kidney disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FPG fasting plasma glucose, hHF hospitalization for heart failure, NS not statistically significant, SD standard deviation
  4. aIntermediate acting insulin cover human insulin, neutral protamine Hagedorn and unknown types of insulin
  5. bSix patients have missing initiation drug date; they are assumed to be on treatment at baseline
  6. cNine patients have missing initiation drug date; they are assumed to be on treatment at baseline
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840