Table 1 Patient characteristics

N

98

73

25

Age, years

66.2 ± 10.9

66.2 ± 11.0

66.9 ± 11.5

BMI, kg/m²

25.0 ± 4.0

25.5 ± 4.3

23.6 ± 3.0

WC, cm

89.3 ± 12.4

90.9 ± 13.0

84.1 ± 8.6

WHR

0.94 ± 0.08

0.96 ± 0.08

0.91 ± 0.07

Duration of diabetes, years

15.5 ± 11.8

15.9 ± 12.2

14.2 ± 10.2

HbA1c, % (mmol/mol)

8.9 ± 1.9 (73.5 ± 20.7)

9.0 ± 2.0 (74.5 ± 22.3)

8.6 ± 1.4 (70.4 ± 15.3)

FBS, mg/dL

156.9 ± 57.3

157.7 ± 62.1

154.9 ± 41.4

SBP, mmHg

132.1 ± 21.9

132.1 ± 20.6

132.2 ± 25.8

DBP, mmHg

72.1 ± 14.7

71.3 ± 14.2

74.3 ± 16.1

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

181.9 ± 39.4

179.2 ± 39.5

189.5 ± 39.2

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

43.8 ± 13.5

41.7 ± 13.2

49.7 ± 12.9

LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

105.3 ± 31.7

104.4 ± 31.5

108.0 ± 32.9

Triglyceride, mg/dL

175.7 ± 107.5

181.7 ± 111.6

157.3 ± 94.0

IRI, IU/mL

8.9 ± 8.3

9.6 ± 9.2

6.8 ± 4.5

HOMA-IR

3.7 ± 4.3

4.1 ± 4.7

2.8 ± 2.5

BNP, pg/mL

57.7 ± 78.9

51.3 ± 64.7

82.6 ± 120.7

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

61.1 ± 24.2

60.2 ± 25.2

63.6 ± 20.6

VFA-CT, cm²

116.1 ± 65.6

125.6 ± 70.9

88.4 ± 35.5

VFA-BIA, cm²

83.7 ± 46.0

91.0 ± 48.8

62.6 ± 27.9

Diabetes mellitus, N (%)

98 (100.0)

73 (100.0)

25 (100.0)

Hypertension, N (%)

72 (73.5)

55 (75.3)

17 (68.0)

Dyslipidemia, N (%)

88 (89.8%)

66 (90.4%)

22 (88.0%)