Predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for gestational diabetes and its associated metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

Table 2 Current criteria for GDM diagnosis

Association	Screening type	Screening approach (24th–28th week)	Cut-offs for GDM diagnosis
ADA	High risk women^a	One-step strategy (2 h OGTT for 75 g glucose overload)	Fasting glycemia: 92–125 mg/dL (5.1–6.9 mM)^b Glycemia 1 h after overload ≥ 180 mg/dL (10.0 mM) Glycemia 2 h after overload: 153–199 mg/dL (8.5–11.0 mM)^c
IADPSG	Universal
FIGO	Universal
DGGG	Universal
NICE	Universal	One-step strategy (2 h OGTT for 75 g glucose overload)	Fasting glycemia ≥ 100.8 mg/dL (5.6 mM) Glycemia 2h after overload ≥ 140.4 mg/dL (7.8 mM)
ACOG	Universal	Two-steps strategy (1 h GCT for 50 g glucose overload + 3 h OGTT for 100 g glucose overload)	Step 1: If glycemia ≥ 130 mg/dL (7.8 mM), proceed with Step 2^d: Fasting glycemia ≥ 95 mg/dL (5.3 mM) Glycemia 1h after overload ≥ 180 mg/dL (10.0 mM) Glycemia 2 h after overload ≥ 155 mg/dL (8.6 mM) Glycemia 3 h after overload ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mM)
NIH	Universal
JOGC	Universal	Two-steps strategy (1 h GCT for 50 g glucose overload + 2 h OGTT for 75 g glucose overload)	Step 1: If glycemia ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mM), GDM is diagnosed If glycemia ≥ 140–200 mg/dL (7.8–11.1 mM), proceed with Step 2: Fasting glycemia ≥ 95 mg/dL (5.3 mM) Glycemia 1 h after overload ≥ 190 mg/dL (10.6 mM) Glycemia 2 h after overload ≥ 162 mg/dL (9.0 mM)

After screening of pregnant women at the third trimester, the associations’ guidelines preferentially suggest specific approaches for GDM detection. One-step or two-steps schemes can be followed. The diagnosis of GDM is made when any or two (in the 3 h OGTT) cut-offs are met
^aAge ≥ 25 years-old, BMI > 25 kg/m², Asian and Latin American ethnicities, previous history of abnormal glucose tolerance or adverse obstetrics outcomes, and familiar history of DM
^bIf fasting glycemia ≥ 126 mg/dL (7.0 mM), T2DM should be considered
^cIf glycemia 2 h after overload ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mM), T2DM should be contemplated
^dFollowing Carpenter/Coustan conversion method

ISSN: 1475-2840