Fig. 5

Serial measurements of hemodynamic parameters in pigs. Invasive cardiac catheterization was conducted to determine LV contractility and alterations in pulmonary pressure. ESPVR (a): end-systolic pressure–volume relationship. LV + dp/dt (b): the rate of LV pressure rise in early systole; LVEF (c): left ventricular ejection fraction; PASP (d): pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PADP (e): pulmonary artery diastolic pressure; PCWP (f): pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; Values are expressed as the mean ± SD. n = 10 pigs per group. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed. ^*p < 0.05 vs. the Normal group, ^#p < 0.05 vs. the HFpEF group, ^&p < 0.05 vs. the 9th week of the same group