Fig. 3

Dapagliflozin alleviated heart concentric remodeling in HFpEF pigs. At the indicated time points, structural changes in the heart were measured by echocardiography. Representative images of echocardiographic M-mode Doppler imaging are shown (a); IVSd (b): interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole; LVPW (c): left ventricular posterior wall; LV mass index (d); LA (e): left atrium. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. n = 10 pigs per group. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed. ^*p < 0.05 vs. the Normal group, ^#p < 0.05 vs. the HFpEF group, ^&p < 0.05 vs. the 9th week of the same group