Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variables | Mean ± SD or % |
|---|---|
Age (year) | 65.1 ± 10.1 |
Sex (male/female) | 65/20 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 4.7 |
Diabetes duration (year) | 12.6 ± 9.2 |
Current smoker n (%) | 17 (20.0) |
Past smoker n (%) | 32 (37.6) |
Current drinker n (%) | 43 (50.6) |
Past drinker n (%) | 12 (14.1) |
Hypertension n (%) | 74 (89.2) |
Dyslipidemia n (%) | 72 (86.7) |
Hyperuricemia n (%) | 19 (22.9) |
Previous cardiovascular disease n (%) | 21 (24.7) |
Office blood pressure | |
 SBP (mmHg) | 142.2 ± 18.9 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 79.0 ± 12.0 |
Glucose metabolism | |
 Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 156.9 ± 38.4 |
 HbA1c (%) | 7.8 ± 0.7 |
Renal function | |
 Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 67.3 ± 17.6 |
 Median UACR (mg/gCr) (interquartile range) | 181.5 (47.9, 638.0) |
Lipid metabolism | |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 184.4 ± 37.5 |
 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 102.0 ± 29.0 |
 HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.7 ± 15.4 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 173.8 ± 115.1 |
Antidiabetic agents | |
 Insulin n (%) | 28 (37.8) |
 Biguanides n (%) | 49 (66.2) |
 DPP-4 inhibitors n (%) | 47 (63.5) |
 Sulfonylureas n (%) | 23 (31.1) |
 α-Glucosidase inhibitors n (%) | 17 (23.0) |
 Thiazolidinediones n (%) | 12 (16.2) |
 Glinides n (%) | 7 (9.5) |
 GLP1 agonists n (%) | 8 (10.8) |
Antihypertensive agents | |
 RAS inhibitors | |
  Angiotensin II receptor blockers n (%) | 58 (68.2) |
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors n (%) | 4 (4.7) |
 Calcium-channel blockers n (%) | 52 (61.2) |
 Diuretics n (%) | 10 (11.8) |
 α1-Blockers n (%) | 2 (2.4) |
 β-Blockers n (%) | 7 (8.2) |
 Spironolactone n (%) | 3 (3.5) |
 α2-Agonists n (%) | 2 (2.4) |
Antihyperlipidemic agents | |
 Statins n (%) | 55 (64.7) |
 Fibrates n (%) | 4 (4.7) |
 Antihyperuricemic agents n (%) | 16 (18.8) |