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Table 2 Predictors of a clinically relevant CAD identified using logistical regression analysis

From: Duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus and systolic blood pressure as determinants of severity of coronary stenosis and adverse events in an asymptomatic diabetic population: PROCEED study

Univariate predictors

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

Age (per 10 years)

1.39 (1.02–1.91)

0.04

0.99 (0.96–1.04)

0.99

Male sex

1.85 (1.08–3.16)

0.02

2.09 (1.07–4.08)

0.03

BMI (per 5 kg/m2)

0.77 (0.62–0.96)

0.02

0.95 (0.90–1.00)

0.054

Waist-to-hip ratio (per unit increase)

1.13 (0.80–1.59)

0.49

 

Ethnicity

 

0.03

 

0.002

 South Asian

1

 

1

 

 Caucasian

0.51 (0.28–0.93)

 

0.43 (0.21–0.89)

 

 African

0.35 (0.15–0.83)

 

0.18 (0.06–0.51)

 

Duration of T2DM (per 5 years)

1.38 (1.15–1.63)

< 0.001

1.59 (1.27–1.98)

< 0.001

Microvascular disease (Yes/no)

1.87 (1.10–3.16)

0.02

0.71 (0.33–1.5)

0.36

Retinopathy (Yes/no)

1.62 (0.95– 2.76)

0.08

 

Hyperlipidaemia (Yes/no)

1.26 (0.66– 2.39)

0.49

Hypertension (Yes/no)

3.63 (1.81–7.29)

< 0.001

0.68 (0.28–1.64)

0.39

Current smoker (Yes/no)

1.12 (0.43– 2.91)

0.80

 

Statin use (Yes/no)

1.06 (0.59– 1.91)

0.84

Family history of premature ischaemic heart disease (Yes/no)

0.89 (0.46– 1.75)

0.74

SBP (per 10 mm Hg)

1.43 (1.19–1.72)

< 0.001

1.37 (1.09–1.72)

0.007

HbA1c (per 10 mmol/mol)

1.10 (0.94–1.27)

0.24

 

eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2)

0.89 (0.77– 1.03)

0.12

CAC score (per log10 AU)

3.79 (2.60–5.53)

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (per mmol/L)

1.21 (0.92– 1.60)

0.18

LDL-C (per mmol/L)

1.27 (0.94– 1.70)

0.12

HDL-C (per mmol/L)

0.40 (0.19–0.83)

0.01

0.95 (0.29–3.13)

0.93

Triglycerides (per mmol/L)

1.15 (0.90– 1.48)

0.27

 

Total cholesterol:HDL-C ratio (per unit)

1.41 (1.12–1.77)

0.003

1.84 (1.37–2.46)

< 0.001

Antidiabetic medication (Yes/no)

 Metformin

1.24 (0.54– 2.86)

0.61

9.93 (1.91–51.62)

0.006

 Sulphonylurea

0.83 (0.48–1.44)

0.51

  

 Thiazolidinedione

5.7 (1.28–25.42)

0.02

  

 GLP-1 agonist

1.42 (0.66–3.07)

0.37

  

 DPP-4 inhibitor

1.49 (0.76–2.93)

0.25

  

 Insulin

1.16 (0.69–1.96)

0.58

  

ACEis/ARBs (Yes/no)

0.53 (0.30–0.91)

0.02

1.80 (0.93–3.50)

0.08

  1. CAD is defined as ≥ 1 coronary plaque causing > 50% luminal diameter stenosis
  2. Italics indicate a statistically significant association between the predictor variable and clinically relevant CAD
  3. ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AU, Agatston Units; BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidence interval; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OR, odds ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840