Visit-to-visit fasting plasma glucose variability is an important risk factor for long-term changes in left cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 3 Linear regression analysis assessing the relationships of CV-FPG with annualized left cardiac structural and functional parameters

Cardiac structural and functional parameters	Univariate		Model 1*		Model 2**
Cardiac structural and functional parameters	β (SE)	P-value	β (SE)	P-value	β (SE)	P-value
Annualized ΔLA, mm	0.190 (0.301)	< 0.001	0.043 (0.401)	0.488	0.047 (0.403)	0.448
Annualized ΔLVDd, mm	0.199 (0.366)	< 0.001	0.128 (0.501)	0.044	0.137 (0.503)	0.031
Annualized ΔIVS, mm	0.175 (0.165)	< 0.001	0.206 (0.227)	0.001	0.215 (0.228)	0.001
Annualized ΔLVPW, mm	0.168 (0.162)	< 0.001	0.136 (0.226)	0.045	0.129 (0.227)	0.048
Annualized ΔLVMI, g/m²	0.269 (2.378)	< 0.001	0.217 (3.201)	< 0.001	0.227 (3.209)	< 0.001
Annualized ΔLVEF, %	− 0.209 (0.511)	< 0.001	− 0.133 (0.671)	< 0.001	− 0.132 (0.672)	0.030

Δ: The change of the cardiac parameters from baseline to the final visit, Β, standardized β-estimates; SE, standard error; LA, left atrium; LVDd, left ventricular internal end-diastole dimension; IVS, interventricular septum; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall thicknesses; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
*Model 1 was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, duration of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, hypertension, smoking status, alcohol intake, medications, HbA1c, CV-HbA1c, PBG, CV-PBG, hypoglycemia rate and the number of FPG measurements
**Model 2 was additionally adjusted for the corresponding FPG values

ISSN: 1475-2840