Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants stratified according to LV concentric geometry
Demographics | No LV concentric geometry | LV concentric geometry | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 1349 (78.9%) | 361 (21.1%) | |
Age (years) | 54.6 (16.2) | 64.8 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
Male | 541 (40.1%) | 135 (37.4%) | |
Clinical characteristics | |||
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 131.4 (22.1) | 143.2 (21.2) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.0 (11.5) | 80.7 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 450 (33.4%) | 215 (59.6%) | < 0.001 |
MAP (mmHg) | 95.1 (13.6) | 101.6 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 (3.7) | 25.7 (3.9) | 0.001 |
Heart rate (BPM) | 66 (11) | 68 (12) | 0.006 |
Smoking | 406 (30.1%) | 119 (33.0%) | 0.29 |
Ischemic heart disease | 59 (4.4%) | 23 (6.4%) | 0.11 |
Heart failure | 11 (0.8%) | 5 (1.4%) | 0.32 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.4 (1.0) | 5.7 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
HBA1c (%) | 5.7 (0.5) | 5.8 (0.5) | 0.23 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.021 |
eGFR (mL/min) | 77 (16) | 74 (16) | < 0.001 |
Pro-BNP (pmol/L) | 15 (7–28) | 20 (9–37) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.8 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
Blood pressure lowering medication | 139 (10.3%) | 83 (23.0%) | < 0.001 |
Lipid lowering medication | 151 (11.2%) | 73 (20.2%) | < 0.001 |
Echocardiography | |||
LVEF (%) | 59.7 (2.0) | 59.8 (1.0) | 0.24 |
LVIDd/height (cm/m) | 2.9 (0.3) | 2.6 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
LVMI (g/m2) | 83.7 (20.8) | 93.0 (25.0) | < 0.001 |
PWT (cm) | 0.8 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
AWT (cm) | 0.9 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
RWT (cm) | 0.34 (0.05) | 0.49 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
IVSD (cm) | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
LV hypertrophy categories | N/A | ||
Normal geometry | 1178 (87.6%) | 0 | |
Concentric remodeling | 0 | 270 (74.8%) | |
Eccentric hypertrohpy | 166 (12.4%) | 0 | |
Concentric hypertrohpy | 0 | 91 (25.2%) | |
LAVI (mL/m2) | 19.4 (6.7) | 19.6 (7.6) | 0.56 |
E (m/s) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
A (m/s) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
E/A | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
E/e′ | 10.4 (4.2) | 12.8 (5.9) | < 0.001 |
DT (ms) | 163 (36) | 174 (49) | < 0.001 |
s′ (cm/s) | 6.0 (1.3) | 5.7 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
e′ (cm/s) | 7.8 (2.7) | 6.2 (2.3) | < 0.001 |
a′ (cm/s) | 6.2 (1.9) | 6.9 (1.8) | < 0.001 |