How does empagliflozin improve arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Sub analysis of a clinical trial

Table 3 Results of multivariate regression analysis

Dependent variable: Δ forward wave amplitude						Dependent variable: Δ reflected wave amplitude
Model 1	Beta	p-value	Model 2	Beta	p-value	Model 1	Beta	p-value	Model 2	Beta	p-value
Sex	0.025	0.873	Sex	0.077	0.612	Sex	0.237	0.108	Sex	0.292	0.040
Age	− 0.180	0.243	Age	− 0.210	0.162	Age	− 0.194	0.169	Age	− 0.225	0.104
Δ HbA1c	0.009	0.960	Δ Fasting plasma glucose	− 0.155	0.366	Δ HbA1c	0.086	0.599	Δ Fasting plasma glucose	− 0.125	0.423
Δ Copeptin	0.095	0.528	Δ Copeptin	0.101	0.492	Δ Copeptin	0.008	0.955	Δ Copeptin	0.025	0.851
Δ Hematocrit	− 0.343	0.054	Δ Hematocrit	− 0.371	0.037	Δ Hematocrit	− 0.142	0.374	Δ Hematocrit	− 0.174	0.276
Δ Heart rate	− 0.134	0.435	Δ Heart rate	− 0.072	0.669	Δ Heart rate	− 0.159	0.311	Δ Heart rate	− 0.069	0.654
Δ LDL-cholesterol	0.083	0.615	Δ LDL-cholesterol	0.049	0.758	Δ LDL-cholesterol	− 0.095	0.531	Δ LDL-cholesterol	− 0.118	0.424
Δ Uric acid	0.047	0.809	Δ Uric acid	0.039	0.839	Δ Uric acid	0.046	0.794	Δ Uric acid	0.044	0.803
Δ Systolic BP	0.365	0.049	Δ Systolic BP	0.338	0.038	Δ Systolic BP	0.414	0.016	Δ Systolic BP	0.371	0.014
Δ hsCRP	0.188	0.257	Δ hsCRP	0.235	0.164	Δ hsCRP	0.279	0.070	Δ hsCRP	0.318	0.043

Model 1: Multivariate regression analysis was performed including the parameters sex, age and change of the following parameters under treatment with empagliflozin: HbA1c (model 1), copeptin concentration, hematocrit, 24-h ambulatory heart rate, LDL-cholesterol, uric acid, systolic 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and hsCRP. Model 2 included besides the other previously mentioned parameters fasting plasma glucose instead of HbA1c. LDL-cholesterol low density lipid cholesterol, hsCRP high sensitive C-reactive protein, heart rate 24-h ambulatory heart rate, systolic BP systolic 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, “Δ” refers to the changes due to empagliflozin treatment corrected for the placebo changes
Italic values indicate significance of p-value (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1475-2840