Table 1 Patient characteristics
|  | Diabetes (N = 346) | Non-diabetes (N = 707) | p-value Insulin vs. non-insulin | p-value DM vs. non-DM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insulin treatment (N = 55) | Non-insulin treatment (N = 291) | ||||
Age (years) | 69 ± 8 | 70 ± 10 | 67 ± 14 | 0.339 | < 0.001 |
Gender (male) | 30 (55%) | 161 (55%) | 361 (51%) | 1.000 | 0.240 |
Hypertension | 50 (91%) | 257 (88%) | 447 (63%) | 0.745 | < 0.001 |
Previous MI | 8 (15%) | 30 (10%) | 51 (7%) | 0.493 | 0.052 |
COPD | 12 (22%) | 33 (11%) | 49 (7%) | 0.057 | 0.002 |
Dialysis | 3 (6%) | 5 (2%) | 8 (1%) | 0.229 | 0.229 |
Hyperlipidemia | 50 (91%) | 240 (83%) | 382 (54%) | 0.174 | < 0.001 |
Smoking | 8 (15%) | 79 (27%) | 115 (16%) | 0.071 | 0.001 |
PVD | 6 (11%) | 23 (8%) | 28 (4%) | 0.637 | 0.005 |
Prior CVA/TIA | 3 (6%) | 23 (8%) | 50 (7%) | 0.724 | 0.894 |
Neurological deficit | 2 (4%) | 7 (2%) | 18 (2%) | 0.949 | 1.000 |
Atrial fibrillation | 5 (9%) | 12 (4%) | 38 (5%) | 0.221 | 0.866 |
BMI (mean) | 37 ± 47 | 32 ± 32 | 28 ± 14 | 0.345 | 0.004 |
Obesity | 23 (42%) | 109 (38%) | 147 (21%) | 0.646 | < 0.001 |
Standard EuroSCORE I | 7.9 ± 12.6 | 5.9 ± 2.6 | 5.6 ± 2.6 | 0.021 | 0.022 |
NYHA FC III–IV | 30 (55%) | 115 (40%) | 240 (35%) | 0.072 | 0.029 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 55 ± 12 | 56 ± 11 | 57 ± 11 | 0.341 | 0.125 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 7 (13%) | 16 (6%) | 31 (4%) | 0.093 | 0.157 |
Bicuspid aortic valve | 5 (9%) | 32 (11%) | 109 (15%) | 0.856 | 0.047 |