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Table 3 Plasma biomarkers at termination after 4 h fast in lean controls, ob/ob−/− treated and untreated mice

From: SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin improves coronary microvascular function and cardiac contractility in prediabetic ob/ob−/− mice

 

Lean

ob/ob−/− untreated

ob/ob−/− treated

Cholesterol (mM)

2.6 ± 0.3

5.0 ± 0.9**

3.8 ± 0.3**‡

Triglycerides (mM)

0.5 ± 0.1

0.6 ± 0.3

0.5 ± 0.2

ALAT (µkat/l)

0.47 ± 0.13

8.81 ± 2.85**

2.63 ± 0.77**‡

Glucagon (pmol/l)

12.5 ± 9.5

16.4 ± 14.1

17.2 ± 5.4**

Insulin (ng/ml)

0.3 ± 0.2

7.3 ± 2.6**

6.5 ± 3.2**

Glucagon/insulin ratio

48.7 ± 50.1

1.7 ± 0.5**

3.0 ± 1.5**‡

Beta hydroxybutyrate (µM)

313 ± 97

133 ± 44

489 ± 56*‡

NT-proBNP (pg/ml)

–

8957 ± 1923

8216 ± 1462

l-Arginine (μM)

69 ± 13

26 ± 21**

41 ± 28**‡

ADMA (μM)

0.69 ± 0.07

0.79 ± 0.13*

0.80 ± 0.13*

l-Arginine/ADMA ratio

101 ± 16

33 ± 30**

51 ± 34**‡

SDMA (μM)

0.20 ± 0.02

0.16 ± 0.03**

0.16 ± 0.02**

  1. Functional endothelial data, measures of diabetes, kidney and liver status were studied. Statistical differences between groups was tested using Anova for parametric parameters (SDMA, insulin, and insulin/glucagon ratio) and Kruskal–Wallis test for non-parametric parameters (l-arginine, ADMA, l-arginine/ADMA ratio, glucagon, ALAT, cholesterol, triglycerides and beta hydroxybutyrate). Values are presented as mean ± SD for parametric data and mean ± SEM for non-parametric data, where *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 for between group analysis, and ‡p ≤ 0.05 for ob/ob−/− treated and untreated group
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840