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Table 2 Baseline characteristics and endpoints incidence of all diabetic patients and divided according to carotid plaque score

From: Prognostic impact of carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaques on the development of micro- and macrovascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Rio de Janeiro type 2 diabetes cohort study

Characteristics

All patients

(n = 478)

Plaque score 0–1 point

(n = 102)

Plaque score

2 points

(n = 276)

Plaque score 3–4 points

(n = 100)

p-value

Age (years)

60.0 (9.1)

54.3 (9.3)

60.3 (8.2)

65.3 (8.1)

< 0.001

Male sex (%)

36.0

33.35

35.0

41.0

0.47

Body mass index (kg/m2)

29.5 (4.8)

30.4 (4.7)

29.6 (4.9)

28.1 (4.6)

0.003

Smoking, current/past (%)

44.2

34.3

43.8

55.0

0.012

Physical activity (% active)

22.1

29.4

24.2

14.0

0.028

Diabetes duration (years)

8 (3–15)

6 (2–12)

8 (3–15)

10 (5–18)

0.008

Chronic diabetic complications (%)

 Cerebrovascular disease

9.0

6.9

6.5

20.0

< 0.001

 Coronary artery disease

16.1

8.8

17.0

23.0

0.024

 Peripheral artery disease

16.5

6.9

13.7

36.0

< 0.001

 Retinopathy

33.5

24.5

32.5

47.0

0.003

 Nephropathy

29.3

33.3

27.1

32.0

0.41

 Peripheral neuropathy

29.9

19.6

28.9

42.0

0.002

Diabetes treatment (%)

 Metformin

88.1

86.3

89.5

85.0

0.42

 Sulfonylureas

43.7

41.2

43.7

45.0

0.85

 Insulin

48.1

42.2

49.1

51.0

0.39

 Aspirin

92.2

88.2

93.1

92.9

0.28

Dyslipidemia (%)

88.1

79.4

89.5

94.0

0.003

 Statins use (%)

77.0

64.7

78.3

87.0

0.001

Arterial hypertension (%)

85.8

78.4

86.6

91.0

0.031

 Number of anti-hypertensive drugs

3 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

3 (2–4)

< 0.001

Blood pressures (mmHg)

 Clinic SBPa

140 (19)

139 (19)

141 (19)

141 (19)

0.62

 Clinic DBPa

79 (10)

80 (9)

79 (11)

76 (11)

0.006

Laboratory variables

 Fasting glycemia (mmol/l)a

8.0 (2.7)

8.0 (3.1)

8.1 (2.7)

8.1 (2.6)

0.92

 HbA1c (%)a

7.7 (1.5)

7.7 (1.6)

7.7 (1.5)

7.5 (1.4)

0.35

 Triacylglycerol (mmol/l)a

1.9 (1.5)

1.8 (1.2)

1.9 (1.6)

2.0 (1.4)

0.35

 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)a

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

0.95

 LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)a

2.8 (0.9)

2.8 (0.9)

2.8 (0.9)

2.8 (0.8)

0.90

 Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2)

82 (20)

88 (20)

82 (20)

74 (19)

<0.001

 Albuminuria (mg/24 h)

14 (7–38)

17 (9–43)

13 (7–32)

15 (7–46)

0.10

Outcomesb

 Total CVEs

116 (25.8)

15 (15.2)

59 (22.3)

42 (50.1)

< 0.001

 All-cause mortality

115 (23.8)

16 (15.5)

55 (19.3)

44 (46.3)

< 0.001

 Cardiovascular mortality

56 (11.6)

7 (6.8)

29 (10.2)

20 (21.0)

0.005

 Retinopathy (incident/worsening) (n = 425)

131 (50.4)

22 (35.8)

81 (53.5)

28 (60.5)

0.16

 Renal composite

156 (37.3)

34 (38.6)

81 (32.5)

41 (51.2)

0.044

 Peripheral neuropathy (incident/worsening) (n = 419)

83 (19.8%)

19 (20.4%)

48 (19.4%)

16 (20.8%)

0.95

  1. Values are proportions, and means (standard deviations) or medians (interquartile range)
  2. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, CVEs cardiovascular events
  3. aValues are mean values obtained during the 1st year of follow-up
  4. bValues are absolute numbers (incidence rate per 1000 patient-years of follow-up), except for peripheral neuropathy that are absolute numbers (proportions)
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840